MAHMUDKXOJA BEHBUDIY AS A MAJOR LINGUIST

Аннотация

Mahmudkhoja Behbudiy was considered a great enlightened scholar and leader of his time, who did a lot of work to reform the nation. In particular, he wrote several articles on the issue of language, expressing his views in them. His articles on language show that Behbudiy was an accomplished linguist. This article analyzes Behbudiy's views on the issue of language. Keywords: language, nation, Turkestan, school, sart, punctuation, linguist. МАХМУДХОДЖА БЕХБУДИЙ КАК КРУПНЫЙ ЛИНГВИСТ Аннотация. Махмудходжа Бехбудий считался великим просвещенным ученым и лидером своего времени, который проделал большую работу по реформированию нации. В частности, он написал несколько статей по вопросу языка, выражая в них свои взгляды. Его статьи по языку показывают, что Бехбудий был выдающимся лингвистом. В этой статье анализируются взгляды Бехбудия на вопрос языка. Ключевые слова: язык, нация, Туркестан, школа, сарт, пунктуация, лингвист. Language is one of the important factors that sustains a nation and expresses its identity. It is impossible to talk about the development of a country without having a national language. Behbudiy, who deeply understood this, first of all raised the issue of the national language. "The Muslim population of Turkestan mainly speaks Turkish. In the southern districts, there are about a hundred thousand Persian-speaking people. Despite this, they also know the Turkish language well. There is no difference in appearance, religion and language among Turkestans...", he said, appealing to the Russian authorities to adopt the Turkish language as an official language. He also gave the following thoughts on language unity: "...the benefits of language unity are well known. After all, language unity is the basis of friendship, love, mutual assistance and unity." Behbudi's article published in the magazine "Oyna" in 1913 under the title "Not two, but four languages are needed". This article discusses the importance of knowing four languages, namely: Turkish, Persian, Arabic and Russian, and explains the reason for this. First of all, the reason for the need to know the Turkish language, i.e. the Uzbek language, is that most people in Turkestan speak this language shows the pronunciation. 3 00 International scientific journal ISSN: 2181-3906 «MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH» 2025 VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 3 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ When it comes to Persian, it is said that this language is the language of schools and that a number of textbooks are in this language. It is stated that Arabic is, of course, necessary for the religious sciences taught in schools and literature in this language. “The works of Persian poets and scholars are a spiritual treasure whose flavor will not fade until the Day of Judgment, and Europeans spend billions to benefit from them. We are fortunate that we know Turkish and Persian without education. Every Turk should know Persian and every Persian should know Turk. Just as a person who knows Persian enjoys reading Firdawsi, Bedil, Saadi, and Masnavi, so too do those who know Turkish enjoy reading Fuzuli, Navoi, Boqi, Sami, Abdulhak Hamid, Akrambek, Sanoyi, Nobiy, Najiy, and Turkish translations of the works of Tolstoy, Jules Verne, and contemporary scholars.” He further increases the level of the Turkish and Persian languages with his thoughts. He also adds Russian to these languages and shows that learning it is a requirement of the times. In particular, he gives the following reasons for learning this language: 1) Studying in government schools 2) Being appointed to government positions 3) Serving the Fatherland and religion through this 4) Participating in the Duma of that time and making speeches in the interests of the Fatherland and the people. These thoughts of Behbudi also show how knowledgeable a politician he was. At the end of the article, he concludes his remarks by citing the example of our Prophet ordering Zayd ibn Thabit to study the Ya'di script, saying, "O Governor of Al-Rusiya, we are subject to you and it is necessary for us to know the Ya'di script for our survival, and there is no denying its authenticity according to the hadith." Behbudiy published an article titled “The Language Issue” in the “Oyna” magazine in 1915, in which he touched upon a number of issues related to language. First of all, he analyzes the reasons for the influence of Persian and Arabic languages on the Turkish language and a number of words that have entered our language from these languages. He also analyzes the widespread spread of Arabic and Persian languages in various parts of the country, giving as an example the inclusion of Persian verses in his divan by Amir Umar Khan. Then, due to the great influence of these languages, the author says: “It is not enough for Turkey, which has been under the influence of Persian and Arabic languages, culture and empires for several thousand years, to be freed from their influence in several thousand more years, but rather our language, which is the la