MOLECULAR-GENETIC MECHANISMS OF CARCINOGENESIS IN BREAST CANCER AMONG THE POPULATION OF THE SOUTHERN ARAL SEA REGION

Аннотация

Southern Aral Sea region, including Khorezm province and adjacent territories, is characterized by unique ecological conditions due to the desiccation of the Aral Sea and climate changes. These factors significantly impact public health, leading to specific pathological changes at the cellular, tissue, and organ levels. This article examines the pathological changes in the lungs, hepatobiliary system, kidneys, and cardiovascular system, as well as their correlation with the ecological factors of the region. Additionally, the study highlights the role of environmental stressors in the development of these conditions and emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and prevention within the region. Keywords. Southern Aral Sea, Aral Sea, ecological factors, molecular-genetic mechanisms, carcinogenesis, breast cancer, population, genetic mutations, environmental stress, early diagnosis, disease prevention. МОЛЕКУЛЯРНО-ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ МЕХАНИЗМЫ КАНЦЕРОГЕНЕЗА ПРИ РАКЕ МОЛОЧНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ У НАСЕЛЕНИЯ ЮЖНОГО ПРИАРАЛЬЯ 2 58 International scientific journal ISSN: 2181-3906 «MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH» 2025 VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 3 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ Аннотация. Южное Приаралье включая Хорезмскую область и прилегающие территории, представляет собой регион с особыми экологическими условиями, обусловленными высыханием Аральского моря, изменением климата и антропогенной нагрузкой. Эти факторы оказывают значительное влияние на здоровье населения, вызывая развитие хронических и онкологических заболеваний. Одной из наиболее актуальных проблем является рост заболеваемости раком молочной железы среди женщин региона, что связано с воздействием токсических веществ, накапливающихся в окружающей среде. В данной статье рассматриваются патоморфологические изменения, возникающие в органах дыхательной, сердечно-сосудистой, гепатобилиарной системы и почек, а также молекулярно-генетические механизмы карциногенеза рака молочной железы. Особое внимание уделено влиянию экологических факторов на развитие этих патологий, что подтверждается данными патоморфологических и молекулярно-генетических исследований. Рассматриваются методы ранней диагностики и профилактики, направленные на снижение заболеваемости среди населения региона. Ключевые слова. Южное Приаралье, Аральское море, экологические факторы, патоморфология, молекулярно-генетические механизмы, карциногенез, рак молочной железы, хронические заболевания, ранняя диагностика, профилактика. Introduction. The problem of the desiccation of the Aral Sea and its impact on public health remains one of the most pressing environmental issues in Central Asia. The Southern Aral Sea region, including the Khorezm region and adjacent territories, is the area most affected by this ecological catastrophe. The drying up of the sea has led to the formation of vast saline wastelands, from which the wind lifts toxic salt aerosols containing heavy metals, pesticides, and other harmful substances. Air, water, and soil pollution exert a complex negative impact on the human body, contributing to the development of various diseases, including oncological conditions. Of particular concern is the increasing incidence of breast cancer among women living in this region. Studies indicate that chronic exposure to environmental toxins can contribute to mutations in genes that regulate the cell cycle and DNA repair, thereby increasing the risk of cancer development. In this regard, the study of pathomorphological changes in the human body exposed to the environmental factors of the Southern Aral Sea region presents significant scientific and practical interest. 2 59 International scientific journal ISSN: 2181-3906 «MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH» 2025 VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 3 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ Research Objective. The objective of this study is to analyze the pathomorphological changes occurring in the bodies of the population of the Southern Aral Sea region under the influence of environmental factors associated with the desiccation of the Aral Sea and the deterioration of the environment. Special attention is given to identifying diseases of the respiratory, cardiovascular, hepatobiliary, and urinary systems, as well as assessing molecular genetic changes that contribute to the development of chronic and degenerative diseases, including breast cancer. Materials and Methods. To study the pathological changes occurring in the population of the Southern Aral Sea region, a comprehensive analysis and retrospective review of data collected from clinical-epidemiological observations, as well as pathomorphological and molecular genetic studies, were conducted. Particular attention was given to the impact of environmental factors such as toxic substances, heavy metals, and high levels of hypoxia on the health of the region’s population. The study utilized biopsy samples of tissues and organs from residents of the Southern Aral Sea region suffering from various chronic diseases, including respiratory disorders, cardiovascular dis