ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN FACTORS IN THE FORMATION OF A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE IN PRESCHOOL AND SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN

Аннотация

Formation of the foundations of a healthy lifestyle (HLS) in childhood is one of the key priorities of the public health system. The risks of developing chronic non-communicable diseases in adulthood largely depend on the eating habits and physical activity established in childhood. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), childhood obesity is recognized as one of the most serious medical and social problems of the 21st century [1]. On the one hand, there are still pockets of malnutrition and stunted growth in children in the world, especially in rural and low-income communities. On the other hand, there is a steady increase in the proportion of overweight children due to a high-calorie diet and a sedentary lifestyle. In the countries of Central Asia, which are experiencing a demographic and epidemiological transition, these problems are becoming especially relevant. In a number of regions, the level of chronic malnutrition in children remains relatively high – for example, in Tajikistan, more than 20% of children under 5 years of age have stunted growth (chronic malnutrition). At the same time, the prevalence of overweight among school-age children in the region is approaching the indicators of European countries [2]. Thus, medical and social factors influencing children's lifestyle (nutrition, physical activity, prevention) require a comprehensive study to develop effective preventive measures [3].