CHANGES IN COPPER METABOLISM UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF HELMINTHS

Аннотация

The article presents information about changes in copper metabolism under the influence of helminths and their consequences. Trace elements, like vitamins, have high biological activity and even in small doses exert a powerful influence on the regulation of various physiological functions of the body. The high activity of trace elements is due to theircloseinteraction withbiologically important andactive organic substances [1]. It is known that copper participates in oxidative and hematopoietic processes, converting iron into an organically bound form and actively contributing to the formation of the main respiratory pigment, hemoglobin, which increases oxygen uptake bytissues [9]. Animal deviations in normal metabolism can be caused by an imbalance oftrace elements in the body. A deficiency of trace elements leads to various reproductive disorders, resulting in the birth of weak, non-viable animals with low vitality. Changes in the balance of trace elements in animals can contribute to the development of numerous endemic, physiological, andgenetic diseases [4]. During our research, we observed the development of signs of microelementosis at the stages of parasitic invasion in all groups of experimental animals, which led us to analyze the dynamic changes in copper levels in the blood, as one of the most important trace elements playing asignificant role in thefunctioning ofthebody. Keywords: Trace elements, vitamins, helminthiasis, cytochrome, oxidative stress, antioxidantsystem, hematopoiesis. Objective: To study and analyze changes in copper metabolism and their consequences in livingorganisms under theinfluence ofvarious helminths. Materials and methods of the study. Karakul lambs of the "Karnab" factory type were used as the object of the experiment. All lambs used in the experiment were isolated and raised in conditions not affected by natural helminths,healthy from other infectious and non- infectious diseases. Initially, clinical, hematological and biochemical parameters of the body of all control and experimental lambs were determined 3 times, and then the lambs allocated 98,7:ROTCAFTCAPMI.SECNEICS LACIDEM,5202, yraurbeF,5emuloV gro.srehsilbupcimedaca.www for the experiment were infected by introducing a pure culture of motile and viable invasive strongyllate larvae (Marshallagia, Nematodirus, Chabertia) into the abdominal cavity through the mouth using a rubber probe. For the experimental study of marshallagiasis, nematodirosis and chabertiosis, 20 karakul lambs aged 3-4 months were selected and divided into groups. The selected lambs were divided into groups by sex, weight and physiological parameters. Group 1: 5lambs, served as a controlgroup Group 2: 5lambs infected withinvasive larvae ofmarshallagia. Group 3: 5lambs infected withinvasive larvae ofnematodires. Group 4: 5lambs infected withinvasive larvae ofchabertia. Forthis, 5000samples ofinvasive larvae perlamb were used. The material for infecting karakul lambs were invasive larvae of strongylates obtained from donors. The eggs and invasive larvae of Marshallagia, Nematodirus and Chabertia were collected and cultured using the standard method of "Helmintholarvoscopy" by Fulleborn. All lambs used in the experiment were taken and raised in conditions not affected by natural helminths,healthy from otherinfectious and non-infectious diseases. During the entire experiment, physiological parameters of experimental and control lambs were measured twice, in the morning and in the evening: body temperature (by rectum), heart rate (by anterior pulse artery), respiratory rate (by expansion and narrowing of nasal openings). All experimental animals were slaughtered in the last 70-75 days of observation (after invasive infection) and subjected to a complete helminthological study using the method of Academician K.I. Scriabin. The obtained results were analyzed in detail, physiological, pathological and biological changes in the condition of each lamb were described. Before invasive infection with parasites, blood was taken from the upper vein of all experimental and control animals and preliminary parameters were identified. The following parameters were obtained 5, 10, 15, 25, 30, 40, 50, 65, 70 days after invasive infection and were analyzed. The concentration of copper ions in the blood was determined by ion- selective ((A.A. Ostroushko, M.Yu. Sennikov).) and atomic absorption spectrometric (AAS) methods. The differences between the mean values ​ ​ in the control and experimental groups were calculated using the Student method, and the data obtained were processed using the methods of variation statistics. The arithmetic mean of each sign (M) was calculated with its error (m) and the coefficient of variability (C%). The degrees of reliability (P) of differences between the group indicators were determined. Before the experimental infection, the copper content in the blood of the experimental and control sheep averaged 1.07±0.06 mg/l, which corresponde