CHEMICAL FIBRES FOR MODIFICATION OF TEXTILE MATERIALS BASED ON FIRE RETARDANT SUSPENSIONS

Аннотация

The article presents the results of physical and mechanical characteristics of cellulose materials, the composition of element-containing fire retardant compositions for modifying cellulose materials, during wet processing of samples of modified textile material based on cellulose with a fire retardant, it is possible to judge by the change in the mass of samples. Moreover, short-term heat fixation, especially under some pressure, contributes to thesimplefixation ofthe mixtureonthe material. They showthe absence of strong chemical bonds in the samples obtained during short-term processing of the vermiculite mineral to obtain a fire retardant suspension for materials to impart thermal and fire-protective properties. Key words: physical and mechanical characteristics, cellulose material, fire retardant suspension,orthophosphoric acid, heat and fire resistance. АННОТАЦИЯ. В статье приведены результаты физико-механические характеристики целлюлозных материала, Состав элементсодержащих антипиреновых композиций для модификации целлюлозных материалов, при мокрой обработке образцов модифицированного текстильного материала на основе целлюлозы антипиреном можно судить по изменению массы образцов. Причем, простому закреплению смеси на материале способствует кратковременная термофиксация, особенно под некоторым давлением. Показывают отсутствие сильных химических связей в образцах, полученных при кратковременных обработках минерала вермикулита для получения суспензии антипирена для материалам чтобы придать термо-и огнезащитныесвойства. Ключевые слова: физико-механические характеристики, целлюлозный материал, антипиреновая суспензия,ортофосфорная кислота,термо-и огнестойкость. Currently, a method of fire-retardant impregnation [1] has been implemented on an industrial scale, based on the use of orthophosphoric acid and nitrogen-containing compounds (dicyandiamide, urea, melamine, guanidine, etc.). According to this method, the fabric is treated with a composition including phosphoric acid and one of the listed nitrogen- containing compounds, and subjected to heat treatment, as a result of which tricyanurea and metaphosphoric acid interact to form a poorly soluble salt. For this type of treatment, it is proposed to use a large number of polyfunctional or unsaturated compounds containing phosphorus, halogen and nitrogen. A significant disadvantage of this method of treatment is a noticeable decrease in the resistance of the fabric to tearing load (the decrease in tear strength is50-60%) [2-4]. Based on the analysis of literature on fire-retardant treatment of fabrics, several compounds can be identified that have received the widest distribution. These compounds can form cross-linked polymers on the surface of the material in the presence of amines or amides and 98,7:ROTCAFTCAPMI.SECNEICS LACIDEM,5202, yraurbeF,5emuloV gro.srehsilbupcimedaca.www simultaneously interact with the hydroxyl groups of cellulose to form cross-linked structures. The most difficult to fire-protect is a mixture of cotton and polyester fiber, since during combustion of such mixed fabrics, a lighter change in the mass of the sample and a more noticeable decrease in the amount of coke residue is observed than in fabrics consisting only of cotton. To obtain fire-retardant fabrics from a mixture of polyester and cellulose fibers, compositions containing phosphorus, nitrogen-containing and a cross-linking reagent are used [5]. The treatment is carried out according to a regime that includes impregnation with an aqueous solution of glycasin, drying, impregnation with an aqueous solution of fire retardant followed by drying, heat treatment and washing. The fabrics obtained from a mixture of polyester and cellulose fibers (in a ratio of 67:33%) were characterized by an oxygen index of 28-30% with a fire retardant content of no more than 10-12%. As studies have shown, the high efficiency of the fire retardant fire protection is explained by the inhibition of processes occurring both in the condensed and gas phases of thermolysis and combustion. Quite a lot of attention is currently paid to the study of the structure and properties ofpolyethylene terephthalate and fibers based onit. The flammability ofpolyester fibers is reduced by using reactive fire retardants that can become insoluble. For fire protection of polyester fibers, a class of halogen-containing organic compounds is used, halogen-phenyl and polyhalogen-phenyl terephthalates, bromine-containing phosphate and phosphite,the heat-resistantproperties of which depend ontheirlinear structure [6-8]. Analysis of works on the study of the mechanism of action for cotton and polyester materials showed that someof themost effective and universal in terms offire protection are phosphorus-containing organic compounds. Issues of fire protection of fabrics from a mixture of polyester+cotton, polyester+viscose fibers with different quantitative ratios of components require further research [9-10]. It should be note