PSYCHOSOCIAL ASPECTS OF OBESITY IN UZBEKISTAN

Аннотация

В статье рассматриваются психосоциальные аспекты проблемы ожирения в Узбекистане, с акцентом на влияние социально-культурных факторов, психологических особенностей и образа жизни на развитие этого заболевания. Ожирение в Узбекистане стало серьезной общественной проблемой, требующей комплексного подхода, включая как медицинские, так и социальные меры. В работе анализируются статистические данные по распространенности ожирения в стране, особенности питания, физической активности и отношение к здоровью среди различных возрастных и социально-экономических групп. Особое внимание уделено влиянию традиций и культурных норм на восприятие тела, а также на роль стресса и депрессии в развитии ожирения. Исследование подчеркивает необходимость внедрения профилактических и образовательных программ, направленных на изменение образа жизни и улучшение психосоциального климата для борьбы с этой проблемойвУзбекистане. 98,7:ROTCAFTCAPMI.SECNEICS LACIDEM,5202, yraurbeF,5emuloV gro.srehsilbupcimedaca.www Ключевые слова: гаджетам, депрессии, стереотипов, калоража, цивилизации, объём талии. Rapid changes in humanity’s lifestyle economic restructuring, the introduction of advanced technologies, the growth of knowledge intensive production, and the development of information and communication technologies are accompanied by both opportunities and new challenges. These changes not only enhance living conditions but also introduce serious risks. Environmental issues and societal challenges such as organized crime, violence, addiction, and weakening family structures are prevalent even in economically advanced nations. Recently, issues like early gadget addiction, overconsumption of sugary beverages, and physical inactivity have contributed significantly to the growing prevalence of obesity (O.)[3]. Obesity is becoming increasingly relevant with the progress of civilization. Despite numerous studies and advances in diagnostic and treatment methods, the prevalence of obesity and its complications continues to grow [9]. In the United States, over half the population struggles with obesity or being overweight, with nearly 80 million adults suffering from hypertension [1]. In Uzbekistan, 50% of the population is overweight, and nearly 20% haveobesity [2]. Our team has previously explored aspects of obesity treatment [5,6]. It has been long established that dietary interventions are ineffective as a standalone treatment, as are other methods, including bariatric surgery [4]. The success of obesity management depends on various modifiableand non-modifiable factors [8]. Objective This study aims to evaluate the impact of dietary therapy on obesity considering psychosocial factors, which are particularly significant among theUzbek population. Materials andMethods Clinical assessments and anthropometric measurements were conducted on 60 residents (30 men and 30 women) of a mahalla in Urgench, aged 18–65. Daily monitoring included pulse rate, blood pressure, weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference over three months. Questionnaires were used to explore psychological, financial, and physical factors affecting obesity treatment. Patients assessed their physical, emotional, mental, and financial well-being, sleep quality, stress management, relationships, and overall quality of life. Participants were prescribed a low-carbohydrate diet with caloric intake capped at 2,000 kcal/day and personalized physical activity routines, primarily walking 8,000–10,000 steps daily. Additional exercises were recommended for patients over 40 with mild obesity. Wellnessprocedures were also introduced.