RECURRENT EXUDATIVE OTITIS MEDIA IN CHILDREN: ETIOLOGY, COMPLICATIONS, AND TREATMENT MEASURES

Аннотация

This scientific article provides an in-depth analysis of the etiology, clinical course, complications, and treatment methods of recurrent exudative otitis media (REOM) in children. Exudative otitis media is a common pediatric condition characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the middle ear due to inflammation. The disease often progresses asymptomatically, leading to hearing impairment, decreased concentration, and the risk of chronic otitis. The article examines the primary causes of REOM, including infectious, anatomical, immunological, and allergic factors. The main pathogens include bacterial infections (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae) and viral agents (influenza, adenovirus). Additionally, adenoid hypertrophy and anatomical features of the Eustachian tube play a crucial role in the disease's pathogenesis. Diagnostic methods include otoscopy, tympanometry, audiometry, and laboratory tests. Treatment options vary depending on the severity of the condition and include conservative and surgical approaches. Pharmacological therapy involves antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, mucolytics, and immunomodulators. In cases of recurrent or persistent fluid accumulation, surgical interventions such as myringotomy, tympanostomy, and adenoidectomy are recommended. The article also highlights the importance of preventive measures, such as protecting children from respiratory infections, strengthening immunity, managing allergic factors, and early diagnosis of adenoid hypertrophy. The study results indicate that early diagnosis, comprehensive treatment, and preventive strategies for REOM in children help prevent hearing loss and improve overall health. This article serves as a valuable resource for pediatricians, otolaryngologists, and other specialists.