THE TAX SYSTEM OF UZBEKISTAN AND ITS FEATURES

Аннотация

The tax system of Uzbekistan is a set of taxes, duties, fees, payments, as well as mandatory contributions to extra-budgetary funds, their types, forms, and forms, established by the state and collected by the budget. As mentioned above, taxes are mandatory payments collected from legal entities and individuals to the state budget. Extra-budgetary funds include the Pension Fund, the Employment Assistance Fund, the Republican Road Fund, the School Education Development Fund, theTrade Union Fund,and others. Keywords : Taxes, taxation procedures, taxation methods, Tax obligations, tax benefits, tax control, tax liability. Contributions, payments, and contributions to these funds are mandatory, like taxes, and the organization and provision of their collection are the responsibility of tax authorities. Therefore, mandatory contributions, payments, and contributions to the budget and extra-budgetary funds are equated with taxes. Therefore, the concept of "taxes" in a broad sense also includes mandatory contributions, payments, and contributionsthat are equated with taxes. Thetax system ofthe Republicof Uzbekistan broadly includes the following: -taxes and theirtypes ; -othermandatory payments (allocations, transfers, contributions, fees, charges); -subjects oftax relations; -taxationprocedures; -taxationmethods; -tax obligations; -tax benefits; -tax control; -tax liability; Taxes and other mandatory payments have been discussed in previous topics and above. The remaining elements ofthe tax system are briefly described below. Subjects of tax relations are tax collectors, tax agents and taxpayers. Tax collectors are tax service bodies and their employees. Tax agents are employees of enterprises, organizations, institutions who are obliged to calculate, withhold and transfer taxes and other mandatory payments to the budget and extra-budgetary funds. Taxpayers are legal entities and individuals http://www.internationaljournal.co.in/index.php/jasass 240 Volume15 Issue02, February2025 Impact factor: 2019: 4.679 2020: 5.015 2021: 5.436, 2022: 5.242, 2023: 6.995, 2024 7.75 who are obliged to pay taxes and other payments. A legal entity is an enterprise (organization) that owns property in its ownership, business management or operational management and is responsible for its obligations with this property, as well as having an independent balance sheet, its separate independent division. A taxpayer is a citizen of the Republic of Uzbekistan, citizens of other states and stateless persons who own an object of taxation. Taxation is determined based on the permanent location or residence (residency) of taxpayers. Depending on this indicator, taxpayers are divided intotwo groups: residents oftheRepublicof Uzbekistan and non-residents. Alegal entity registered in the Republicof Uzbekistan is considered a resident ofthe Republicof Uzbekistan (resident legal entity). An individual who permanently resides in Uzbekistan or stays in Uzbekistan for a total of 183 days or more in any consecutive twelve-month period ending in thetaxperiod is considered aresident ofthe RepublicofUzbekistan (resident individual). Legal entities registered abroad but operating and earning income in Uzbekistan are not considered residents of the Republic of Uzbekistan as taxpayers (non-resident legal entities). Individuals who donot permanently reside in Uzbekistanbut are present inUzbekistan for a total of less than 183 days in any consecutive twelve-month period ending in the current tax period and operating and earning income are not considered residents of the Republic of Uzbekistan (non-resident individuals). There are two types of taxation procedures in Uzbekistan. The first is the general (general) taxation procedure, which provides for the payment of all taxes and includes general, complete procedures for collecting and paying them and other mandatory payments. The second is the simplified taxation procedure, which provides for the payment of a single tax determined for certain categories of taxpayers, and includes special, simplified procedures for their calculation, collection, payment, and submission ofreports. The taxation method is a procedure based on the way the tax rate changes depending on changes inthetax base.It canbeof fourtypes: 1)equal taxation- thesametax amount isset for all taxpayers; 2) proportional taxation - the tax amount changes in accordance with changes in the tax base, whilethetax rate remains unchanged; 3)progressive taxation-as thetax base increases, thetax rate also increases; 4)regressivetaxation-the tax rate decreases as thetax base increases. Tax liabilityis ataxpayer's obligation arising inaccordancewith tax legislation. Tax incentives are reliefs provided for by law for certain categories of taxpayers and are divided intothefollowing groups: 1.Depending onwhether thetax isimposed onan object orsubject: http://www.internationaljournal.co.in/index.php/jasass 241 Volume15 Issue02, February2025 Impact factor: 2019: 4