TACTICS OF INSPECTION OF INDIVIDUAL OBJECTS AFTER EXPLOSION

Аннотация

This article discusses the tactical aspects of inspecting individual objects after an explosion. In this, the specific aspects of the inspection of the building where the explosion occurred, the open area, and the vehicle were analyzed. Also, the procedure for comprehensive inspection of the objects where the explosions took place, issues of the tactics of inspection of the explosion site will be considered. In addition, the use of technical means at the place of the explosion, the issues of formalizing the inspection process of taking samples were analyzed. Keywords: explosion, review, explosion center, explosive, concentric, frontal, explosive device, explosive object, blast area, blast boundary. Inspection The most complex and time-consuming type of investigative action is the inspection of the scene after the explosion. Inspection is a procedural action consisting of direct observation and analysis of objects of material conditions by the investigator in order to find crime traces and physical evidence, to determine the conditions of the investigated incident and other circumstances of the incident. Explosive incidents can be intentional or negligent. In 2020, 12 cases of gas explosions were observed in Uzbekistan. 147 citizens were injured and 19 died [1]. When the explosion events were studied, it was known that the cause of its occurrence was the failure of gas pipes, non-observance of safety rules in the use of heating devices. In practice, when incidents related to explosions are observed, in such cases, it is necessary to improve the knowledge of the investigators about the tactics of examining the crime scene. Examining the scene of the accident is the main investigative action, and its correct organization and conduct allows planning of further investigative actions and identification of the person who committed the illegal action. Of explosive-related crimes significantly disrupts public order in the country, and the low level of detection of these types of crimes affects citizens. undermines confidence in security and effectiveness of law enforcement agencies. Thus, a timely, complete and tactically correct examination of the scene will create correct versions in the future, correctly direct the investigation of the crime, identify the criminal and obtain a lot of important information, the circumstances that 7.1 10 2 7 need to be proven in the criminal case, that is, the time, place, method of committing the crime, motives and goals, factors contributing to its occurrence, the nature and amount of the damage caused, etc., can be determined. Therefore, it is appropriate to consider the tactics of inspecting the buildings, open spaces, and vehicles where the explosion took place. After all, only a scientifically based and practically proven approach to inspecting the scene of the incident allows not to lose important points in the investigation and ensures the completeness of obtaining information from the scene of the incident. Inspection of buildings for explosions. The most frequent explosions inside a building are deflagration explosions. They are distinguished by different appearances, because the location of residential, office and industrial buildings is different. A deflagration explosion requires that a flammable gas or vapor is mixed with air in such a ratio that the mixture is between the lower and upper explosive concentration limits. The optimal mixture for detonation contains the necessary amount of combustible components and air for complete combustion. Information about the concentration , that is, the composition of the most common compounds, is presented in the table. Flammable component It is in m/s C , g/m 3 C , g/m 3 C , g/m 3 n, st npv vpv Hydrogen 2.67 8.45 24.4 3.3 62 Acetylene 1.57 8.9 82.55 27 1063 Ethylene 0.74 8.28 80.3 36 366 Propane 0.46 8.06 72.7 41 166 Methane 0.34 7.55 62.4 34.5 98 Physico-chemical properties of some flammable mixtures [2] To understand what happens during explosions inside the building, it is useful to consider a number of simple cases. After the explosion, windows are usually damaged in the room, sometimes frames or doors. The air shock wave destroys furniture and its parts , causes cracks in ceiling panels and intermediate (non-permanent) walls . In other rooms located at a considerable distance from the center of the explosion, considerable damage is caused by the shock waves and damage to property there . During an explosion in a room, the exact center of the explosion is always in the form of holes and cracks in the concrete floor, damage to wooden floors or destruction of furniture. Around the center of the explosion, traces of the heat of the explosion products, i.e. smoke, 7.1 11 2 7 burning, burning traces can be observed. The remains (fragments) of explosive devices are mainly located in the examined room, therefore, by carefully searching the investigated area by squares, it is possible to identify almost all elements of the device a