MORPHOLOGICAL AND GRAMMAR OF THE FRENCH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES DIFFERENCES IN STRUCTURE

Аннотация

This article compares and studies the differences in the morphological and grammatical structure of the French and Uzbek languages. First of all, the methods of word formation in both languages ​ ​ are analyzed: in Uzbek, the importance of word formation through additions, and in French, the change of stems and the formation of new meanings with the help of prefixes and suffixes. Then the system of verbs, the peculiarities of their division into tenses and their use, including the semantic and functional differences of the passé composé and imparfait tenses in the French language, are compared with the simple and understandable tense forms in the Uzbek language. Also, various grammatical rules, for example, the issues of agreement and the change ofstems, are discussed in detail. Key words: Prefixes, suffixes, French language, Uzbek language, tenses, verbs, language, stems,agreements, additions,composition, affixation FRANSUZ VA O’ZBEKTILINING MORFOLOGIK VA GRAMMATIK TUZILISHIDAGI FARQLAR Xurramova Farangiz Samarqand davlat chet tillarinstitutining Roman-german tillar fakulteti Fransuztili filologiyasi kafedrasining 1-bosqich talabasi Annotatsiya:Mazkur maqolada fransuz va o’zbek tilining morfologik va grammatik tuzilishidagi farqlar solishtirib o’rganiladi. Avvalo, har ikki tildagi so’z yasash usullari tahlil qilinadi: o’zbek tilida qo’shimchalar orqali so’z hosil qilishning muhimligi va fransuz tilida o’zaklarning o’zgarishi va prefikslar, suffikslar yordamida yangi ma’nolar hosil qilinishi. Keyin esa fe’llar tizimi, ularning zamonlarga bo’linishi va qo’llanishidagi o’ziga xosliklar, jumladan, fransuz tilidagi passé composé va imparfait zamonlarining ma’noviy va funksional farqlari, o’zbek tilidagi sodda va tushunarli zamon shakllari bilan taqqoslanadi.Shuningdek, turli grammatik qoidalar, masalan, kelishik va o’zaklarning o’zgaruvchanligi masalalari batafsil ko’rib chiqilgan. Kalit so’zlar: Prefikslar, suffikslar, fransuz tili, o’zbek tili, zamonlar, fe’llar , til,o’zaklar, kelishiklar, qo’shimchalar, kompozitsiya, affiksatsiya Enter. Language is a means of mutual communication between people, it provides exchange of http://www.internationaljournal.co.in/index.php/jasass 98 Volume15 Issue02, February2025 Impact factor: 2019: 4.679 2020: 5.015 2021: 5.436, 2022: 5.242, 2023: 6.995, 2024 7.75 ideas, as well as communication and understanding. Language is considered one of the most important social phenomena of society, and it occupies an incomparable place in the development ofmankind. Morphology is derived from the Greek word "morphe" - form, "logos" - science, teaching. In this section, the formation of words, their internal structure, and similar meanings are studied. Tenseis agrammatical category that defines the temporal characteristics ofan action orstate in a verb system. In the Uzbek language, tenses are divided into 3 types: past tense, present tense, futuretense. *Past tense - indicates that the action happened in the past. In this tense, the timeof completion, continuationor past oftheaction is shown. *Present Tense - this tense expresses actions that are being carried out or are continuing at the present time. *Future tense-this tenseexpresses theaction orsituation that willhappen inthefuture. Thenumber ofsingular tenses in French is 12-13. Including: *Présent (present tense) -indicates that the action is takingplace at themoment. Forexample; Jemange (Iam eating). *Passé composé- The past tense expresses an action that ended at a certain time, it is used togetherwith anauxiliary verb. Forexample; J'ai mangé (Iate). *Imparfait–Expresses continuous orrepeated situations inthe past tense. Forexample; Jemangeais (I would eat). *Plusqueparfait –Represents aprevious event inthepast tense. Forexample; J'avais mangé (I ate). *Passé simple–It is mainly used in written language and is used to briefly express past events. *Future simple- expresses an action thatwill happen in thefuture. Forexample; Jemangerai.(I eat). *Futurantérieur–represents aprevious event of afuture action. Forexample; J'aurai mangé(I will eat). *Conditionnel présent – ​ ​ Expresses a conditional action, that is, describes an event that will http://www.internationaljournal.co.in/index.php/jasass 99 Volume15 Issue02, February2025 Impact factor: 2019: 4.679 2020: 5.015 2021: 5.436, 2022: 5.242, 2023: 6.995, 2024 7.75 happen when acondition is fulfilled. Forexample; Jemangerais (I was eating). *Conditionnel passé - Conditional expression of the past tense, the conditional event may have happened in thepast tense. Forexample; J'aurais mangé(I would have eaten). Also, in the Uzbek language, words are divided into basic and artificial words. For example; ish is a root word, worker is an artificial word; ol- a root word, abra' a root word, boobro'- a made-up word; meva is a root word, sermeva is an artificial word. Words that do not have a word-forming affix are called root words. Currently, two methods of word formation are distinguished. A