DESCRIPTION OF ENGLISH PHILOSOPHICAL-BIOTICAL TERMS ACCORDING TO THEIR STRUCTURE

Аннотация

This article explores issues related to language and terminology, focusing on the formation of specialized terminology in various fields. It provides translations and equivalents of philosophical terms from English into Uzbek. Additionally, the article offers a descriptive analysis of the principles involved in structuring terminological systems and compiling terminological dictionaries. The study also presents generalized conclusions based on these principles. Kеywоrds:term, terminology, affix, conversion. INTRОDUСTIОN The distinctive features of term formation are related to the following aspects: linguistic resources (national language units, borrowed words from other languages, and artificially created terms), methods of term formation (semantic, morphological, and syntactic approaches), and the semanticstructure ofterms. For many years, numerous scholars (S. V. Grinev, V. A. Tatarnov, V. M. Leichik, and V. P. Danilenko)have attempted to classify themain mechanisms of newterm formation. MАTЕRIАLSАND MЕTHОDS It has been noted that the English prefixes dis- and en- are widely used in the formation of biological terminology. For example: disafforest(deforestation, cutting down forests), disbranch (pruning branches), dislodge(driving animalsout of theirburrows), engraft (grafting). It is often claimed that in other fields of terminology, the systematic specialization of affixes is almost absent. However, this claim is not entirely justified. In fact, active affixes also play a significant role in the formation of philosophical terminology, which is the main focus of our research. Before identifying the main linguistic tools used to express philosophical terms in English, it is essential to first analyze thestructural compositionof English terminology. RЕSULTSАNDDISСUSSIОN Affixation is one of the primary methods of word and term formation in English. As E. V. Ivanova states, "Affixation is one of the most widespread sources of word formation, which involves adding an affix to a root." Similarly, T. I. Arbekova defines affixation as "a method of forming newwords byattaching affixes totheroot of aword." According to E. M. Dubenets, "Affixation has been one of the most productive ways of word- building throughout the history of English. It consists of adding an affix to the stem of a specific part of speech." Likewise, V. V. Eliseeva notes that "In modern English, one of the main methodsof word formation is affixation, which involves attaching affixes toa root orbase." http://www.internationaljournal.co.in/index.php/jasass 29 Volume15 Issue02, February2025 Impact factor: 2019: 4.679 2020: 5.015 2021: 5.436, 2022: 5.242, 2023: 6.995, 2024 7.75 Many linguists classify affixes into productive (living) and non-productive (dead) affixes. Living affixes can be easily separated from the root, while dead affixes are closely integrated into the baseword and belongto ahistorical linguistic layer that requires diachronic analysis. A significant number of prefixes and suffixes in English philosophical terminology are borrowed from Latin and Greek. For instance, the -ism suffix, originating from Latin, plays a crucial role informing philosophical terms and doctrines: Idealism –Thebelief that one's ideals can be achieved, even when it seems unlikely to others. Agnosticism –Aphilosophical belief that theexistence ofGod is uncertain or unknowable. Dualism–The beliefthat things are divided intotwo often contrasting or opposingparts. Solipsism–The philosophicalidea that only theselfexists orcan beknown. Realism – A way of thinking and acting based on facts and practical possibilities rather than unrealistichopes. Structural Features ofEnglishPhilosophical Terms In comparison to Uzbek, philosophical terms in English tend to have a simpler structure. Based ontheirformation, philosophical terms can becategorized into three types: Simple root words – Consisting of a single root, often derived from ancient English or borrowed from otherlanguages. Derived words –Formed byaddingprefixes or suffixestoaroot word. Compound(multi-word) terms –Created bycombining two or moreindependent words. Many English philosophical terms originate from Greek, Latin, French, and German. In modern English, Latin-based philosophical terms are particularly prevalent. These terms often consist of aroot along with oneor moreaffixes. Someexamples include: Eternity –abadiyat Abstraction –abstraktsiya Cognition –ma'rifat Materialism –materializm Idealism –idealizm Realism–realizm Development –rivojlanish Endlessness –cheksizlik Opposition–ziddiyat Suffix-Based Word Formation Suffixation is another highly productive method of forming philosophical terms in English. Many scholars classify English suffixes based on different linguistic characteristics. There are specific suffixes that are considered particularly effective for the formation of philosophical terms. Overall, affixation remains one of the most dynamic and consistent processes in English terminology de