STRUCTURAL, SEMANTIC, AND LINGUO-CULTURAL FEATURES OF ANTHROPONYMS IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK

Аннотация

Anthroponyms, or personal names, serve as significant linguistic units that reflect cultural, historical, and social characteristics ofa givensociety. This study explores thestructural, semantic, and linguo-cultural features of anthroponyms in English and Uzbek. By analyzing the formation, meaning, and cultural influences of personal names in these languages, we identify keysimilarities and differences. Keywords:anthroponymy, personal names, linguo-cultural, English,Uzbek,semantics, structure The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how names function as identity markers and carriers of cultural heritage. Names are not merely labels; they embody the cultural, historical, and linguistic traditions of a society. While English and Uzbek belong to different language families—Germanic and Turkic, respectively—their anthroponymic systems exhibit both unique and overlapping characteristics. This paper examines the structure, semantic aspects, and cultural significance of anthroponyms in both languages. The structure of personal names varies significantly across languages. English Anthroponyms: Typically consist of a first name (given name) and a surname (family name), with middlenames often included. Example:JohnRobert Smith. Uzbek Anthroponyms: Traditionally follow a given name–patronymic–surname pattern. Example: Ali Karim o‘g‘li.Recent naming trends in Uzbekistan have seen an increase in single given names without patronymics, influenced byinternational naming practices. Semantic Features of Anthroponyms The meaning of names often carries historical, religious, orsymbolicsignificance. English Names: Many names have biblical origins (e.g., Matthew, Mary) or derive from Old English, Latin, orGreek (e.g., William, Sophia). Uzbek Names: Frequently reflect meanings related to nature (e.g., Gulnoza—‘flower decoration’), historical figures (e.g., Temur), orIslamicculture (e.g., Muhammad, Fatima). Linguo-Cultural Aspects of Anthroponyms Names reflect sociocultural norms and historical influences. English-Speaking Cultures: The use of surnames often links to family lineage and nobility. Certain names reflect ethnicbackgrounds, such as Irish (O’Connor)orFrench (Dupont) heritage. page1074 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue02,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai Uzbek Culture: Names often carry wishes for success, health, or good character traits. Additionally, Soviet influence led to the introduction of Russian-style surnames, though recent trends lean toward traditional Uzbek names. Definitionof Anthroponyms Anthroponyms arepersonal names usedto identify individuals.They include: First names (given names) – e.g., John, William, Emma (English); Akmal, Dilnoza, Shakhzod (Uzbek) Surnames (family names) – e.g., Smith, Johnson, Brown (English); Karimov, Yuldasheva, Tursunov (Uzbek) Patronymics (father’s name-based names) – less common in English but present in Uzbek (e.g., Rustamovich, Rustamovna) LinguisticFeatures of Anthroponyms in EnglishandUzbek English anthroponyms tend to be shorter and have various origins (Anglo-Saxon, Latin, French, Greek, etc.). Uzbek anthroponyms often have Turkic, Persian, and Arabic influences, with common suffixes like-bek, -jon, -boy, -khon(e.g., Alijon, Rustambek). Uzbek surnames often end in -ov,-ev, -vich, -ovna,influenced byRussian naming conventions. In English, gender differences innames are clear (e.g., Michael –male, Jessica–female). In Uzbek, gender distinctions are also strong, often with female names ending in -oy, -gul, -niso (e.g., Gulnara, Munisa) and malenames having-bek, -boy, -ali (e.g., Odilbek, Shokhrukh). Culturaland Historical Significanceof Anthroponyms NamingTraditions English Culture: Names are often chosen based on family tradition, religious background, or modern trends. Uzbek Culture: Names usually carry meanings related togood qualities, nature, or religion (e.g., "Jasur" – brave, "Shamsiddin" –sun+ religion). Influence ofReligion English names often have Christianorigins (e.g., Matthew, Mary, James). page1075 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue02,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai Uzbek names are influenced by Islam, using Arabic elements (e.g., Abdulloh, Muhammad, Fatima). Historical InfluenceonNames English surnames often derive from professions (Smith, Baker), geography (Hill, Rivers), or ancestors (Johnson –"son ofJohn"). Uzbek surnames were historicallypatronymic but laterinfluenced byRussian forms (-ov, -ev). Modern Trends inNaming English names have become more globalized, with names from different cultures (e.g., Aiden, Sophia). Uzbek names are experiencing a revival of traditional and Islamic names, replacing Soviet-era names. Comparative Analysis Feature EnglishAnthroponyms Uzbek Anthroponyms Or