POSSIBILITIES OF USING COLLECTOR WATERS IN IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE

Аннотация

In this article, the level of salinity of irrigated areas of Bukhara region and the melioration of irrigated lands in Kogon district, as well as the Korak collector-zovur network, which serves inter-households in the district, are studied and analyzed. Also, the authors commented onthepositiveandnegative aspects ofthiscollector. Key words:Collector-zovor, inter-farm collector, drainage, water resources, irrigated lands. As a result of the rapid increase in the number of people in the world, natural resources, especially the intensive use of land and water resources, cause negative environmental problems such as pollution of water bodies, degradation of irrigated areas. To combat these problems, international organizations, including the UN program for sustainable development until 2030, set the task of "Protection and restoration of terrestrial ecosystems, their effective and rational use, stopping the degradation of irrigated lands and preventing the decrease of biological diversity." These tasks require research on the analysis, evaluation and prevention of expected negative natural processes, especially in "ecologically fragile" arid climate regions under the influence of anthropogenic factors. PF-60 of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated January 28, 2022 is of great importance for the development of measures for the effective use of water resources in the Republic, including the collection and storage of water, in the development strategy of the New Uzbekistan for 2022-2026. A number of measures aimed at effective use of existing water resources, improvement of land reclamation, increase of soil fertility, formation of additional water sources are being developed and implemented in our republic in times of water shortage. In particular, in this regard, comprehensive works are being carried out in the irrigated fields of Bukhara region. In our region, the majority of the population lives in the desert region andis mainlyengaged inagriculture and animal husbandry. As a result, in places where river water does not come, people use underground water to grow grain and fodder for livestock with the help of artesian wells. Water resources are limited, and in the years of water scarcity, inter-district and inter-farm collector water is used in a 50/50 ratio depending on the level of mineralization, and in some cases, it is used directly for irrigation of agricultural crops. A collector is an open channel that receives water from the water collecting part of the drainage network and discharges it from the area to be meliorated. The collector is divided into such types as farm, inter-farm and highway. All these form a collector- drainage network. Usually, collectors are placed in the lowlands, along the boundaries of agricultural and crop rotation fields. In flat areas, the length of collector-zovors is built at an interval of 0.8-1.2 km from each other, taking into account the operation of agricultural machinery. The cross-section of an open collector is often trapezoidal. The water level in the collector should be 0.1-0.3 m lower than the level of the collector and ditch that will be poured page1003 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue02,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai into it. If it is not possible to drain the drainage water, pumping stations will be built to the collectors. The mostcommon dimensions ofthecross-section of collectors; - the depth of intra-farm collectors is 3.0-3.6 m, the width of the bottom is 1.0-1.5 m, the widthof theshoreis around 40-80 m. - the depth of inter-farm collectors is 4.5-8.0 m, the width of the bottom is 1.0-3.0 m, the widthof thecoast is 80-140 m. Theuseof artificial irrigation leads to theconsumption ofwater for filtration, which leads to an increase in the level of groundwater in areas with a low level of natural drainage. In order to lower the level of sizot water and remove it, collector-water networks are widely used. Currently, the irrigated areas in the region are 274.6 thousand ha. The level of mineralization of groundwater in irrigated areas is calculated as follows. That is, areas with salinity of 0-1 g/l are 6,996hectares, areas with 1-3 g/l are 208,166hectares, and areas with 3-5 g/l are 61,140hectares. Figure 1. The use of collector-waste water in agriculture has the following advantages: water reserves increase, due to its direct use in places, there is no need to build mains and distribution channels, due to the fact that it contains little waste and a lot of salts, the irrigation networks are less muddy and weedy, due to the fact that less water is taken from water sources for the irrigation system, the consumption of water for filtration decreases, the level of seepage waters decreases. The total irrigated areas in Kogon district are 18.6 thousand hectares, of which 17.3 thousand hectares are provided withditch networks