THE ROLE OF CORRECTIONAL SCIENCES IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS OF VISUALLY IMPAIRED PEOPLE

Аннотация

This article discusses the role of special correctional sciences in theenvironment of the blind. Keywords:blindness, correction, typhlografika, acquisition of funds, white cane, orientation to social life, attention. Therole ofcorrectional subjects in theeducation of theblind 1.Thespecificity ofeducation fortheblind Blind children receive education based on special methods, unlike children studying in general education schools. Due to their physiological and psychological characteristics, special subjects and correctional methods are used in theeducational process. 2.Thepurpose ofcorrectional subjects Through correctional subjects: To assistthe physical and psychological development ofchildren with noorweak vision. To form independent livingskills. To develop sensory, kinestheticand cognitiveabilities. To improvesocial adaptation andform communicative skills. 3.Basiccorrectional subjects and theirimportance 3.1.Braillealphabet and writing Themain writing andreading tool forblind children. To form reading and writingskills usingtactilesensations. 3.2.Tactile(sensory) development Increase thesensitivityof thechild's fingers. Develop the skills of recognizing and understanding objects that are important for children withvisual impairments. 3.3.Movement and orientation exercises Teaching free movement in theenvironment. Teaching listening to sound,feeling the location and special techniques (for example, using awhitecane). 3.4.Social adaptation and communicationskills Teaching therules of behavior ina social environment for integration into society. Preparation forindependent living. 3.5.Speech therapy Some blind children have speech development disorders, therefore speech therapy is important. 3.6.Sensory development exercises Increase thesensitivityof thehands. page745 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue02,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai Teach thedifference between temperature, pressure, shape and texture. 3.7.Occupational therapy Practical exercises in simplelife skills(cooking, dressing, housework). Vocational guidance and preparation for work. 4.Resultsand prospects Correctional sciences help blind children not only to learn, but also to prepare for independent living. It also has apositiveeffect ontheirsocial integration. Correctional science. In mycase, my ability to imagine the world was not formed by itself. The reason for this is the correctional sciences taught in special schools and boarding schools. Correction means correction, rounding. There are several correctional sciences in preparing people with disabilities forlife. Acquisition ofmeans, finemotorskills,preparation forsocial life, typhlography, etc. In the acquisition of means, the blindare taught tomove independently. First, movement in the room is taught, in which the student learns to go from his seat to the door and hears with his ears whether the door or window is open or closed. In the second stage, the acquisition of means is done by touching the walls and objects of the room. In this process, the student moves with his arms slightly forward as a precaution. In the bedroom, he is also taught to carry means in this way. In the third, independent movement outside is divided into two parts. The main goal is to walk in a uniform manner to reach the surrounding objects, at which time each step is counted. The teacher leads the student and walks together, and then the student moves independently once he has developed an understanding. In the next stage, the student organizes the carrying of objects using a cane. The cane plays an important role in safe independent movement on busy streets and highways. It also helps to feel the surrounding obstacles and thedepths under his feet. Whenthe user approaches the object, he holds the cane in his hand and slightly ahead of his feet, which is todetect obstacles and high and lowpoints earlier. The main goal of the science of fine motor skills is to increase the sensory properties of the fingers. The reason is that above we have mentioned that the fingers play an invaluable role in understanding nature for visually impaired people. If I were to give information about the science, it means helping to learn Braille. Initially, the teacher places objects of various shapes on the hands of the students, and each one is given a separate toy. In this case, the shape and color of the objects are told, and then the objects are distributed to the students in a mixed state, andthey tell theirnames and shapes bytouching them with theirfingers. After the sense of touch is somewhat formed, the next steps are taken. The letters written in Braille are explained using visual aids. This process is easy for those who have completely lost their ability to see, but it is a little difficult for those who can see light or something. One of the main reasons is that students who have completely lost