"SIYAR UL-AQTAB" IS AN IMPORTANT SOURCE ON THE CHISHTI ORDER

Аннотация

This article analyzes important sources that show that by the 9th century, the theoretical foundations of Sufism were developed, the practical, spiritual and psychological exercises of Sufis, methods of self-education and training were formed, and the concepts of tariqat, enlightenment, and truth emerged, forming a set of views on these three parts of Sufism - Sufismwas established as a separate science. Key words:Sufism, Chishtiyya order, conversion to Islam, concepts of tariqat, Prophet's Sunnah Introduction: In the early period of Sufism, the great contributions of Zunnun Misri (796-861), Bayazid Bistami (died 875), Junayd Baghdadi (died 910), Hakim Termizi (died at the end of the 9th century), and Mansur Hallaj (858-922) were made in developing the foundations of the maqamat and tariqa, defining the teachings and tasks of Sufism, and spreading divine truths among the people. Later, such sheikhs as Abusaid Abdulkhair (967-1049), Ahmad Yassawi (died 1166), Yahya Suhrawardi (1155-1191), Ibn al-Arabi (1165-1240), Najmiddin Kubra (1145-1221), andBahauddin Naqshband (1389-1318) created newschools and lineages ofSufism. As is known, there are various schools of Sufism. Among them are the Yassawiyya (Ahmad Yassawiyya), Kubrawiyya (Najmiddin Kubro), Suhrawardiyya (Shahobiddin Suhrawardiyya), Mawlaviyya (Jaloliddin Rumiyya), Juvanmardlik or Futuwwat (Pahlawon Mahmud, a prominent representative ofthisorder in Central Asia), Naqshbandiyya (Bahouuddin Naqshband), and otherorders. In Eastern Khorasan in the 12th-13th centuries, the Chishtiyya order also emerged and developed in India. It is one of the most influential orders in India. The word "Chishtiyya" comes from the name of the village of "Chisht" in Herat, and the founder of this order was Sharifuddin Abu Ishaq Shami (died 1097), a disciple of Hazrat Karimuddin Sheikh Mumshad Alawi Dinavari (died 299 AH). He was known among Sufis as "Sharifuddin", but later he became known to the people as Abu Ishaq Shami Chishti. However, Abdulhakim Shari'i Juzzani, in his book "Sufiism and Man", says that thisorder was founded byKhojaAhmad Abdol. The manuscripts of the Tashkent Islamic University contain a valuable source entitled "Siyar ul- Aqtab" by Hidaya Abdurahim ibn Hakim ibn Chishti al-Usmani. It was found that this work contains additional new information that complements the information about the Chishti order mentioned in scientific literature today. It names Abu Ishaq Shami Chishti as the founder of this order and provides detailed information about him. For example, on pages 33b and 34a of the work, there is the following quote: "Hazrat Alavi gave him great grace, and at that hour a voice came, O Abu Ishaq, you are acceptable to my service, and that's how it happened that many people reached the address of his state, and his blessed breed became the head of the Chishti, and this chain became famous and popular with Chishti after Abu Ishaqdin." Jihatdinkim rushed to the service of the Piri of Shams and Saints and went to the state of footloose in Baghdad and immediately said Piri, what are you doing? He said: "The servants say Abu Ishaq Shami." I said with great grace, you are Khwaja Chisht, and the Islam of Chisht is the blessing of your work. During my career, he found caliphate, and then he visited Chisht with the permission of his elder, page726 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue02,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai andhebecamefamous as Khwaja Chisht. Also, as written in this work, after Abu Ishaq Shami Chishti, this sect was founded by Hazrat Abu Ahmad Chishti (260-355 A.H.), one of his disciples, and his disciple and son, Khwaja Abu Muhammad ibn Khwaja Abu Ahmad Chishti (d. 404 A.H.), after him, their disciple Nasiruddin Khwaja Abu Yusuf Chishti (375-459 A.H.). and Hazrat Qutbuddin Khoja Mawdud Chishti(d. 527 H.) and his descendants continued it. Hazrat Khwaja Mu'iniddin Husayni Hasan al-Sanjari Chishti Ajmiri (1142-1236) later went to India and developed the Chishti sect. Mu'inuddin Hasan al- Husayni Sanjari Chishti Ajmiri was known in India by the nickname "Hindul Nabi". However, as Abdulhakim Shari'i Juzzani writes in his book "Sufi and Man", Mu'inuddin Hasan Chishti Ajmiri was also known in India by the name"Khojai Gharibnavoz". He was born in Siyistan and received hisreligious education in Khorasan. He chose thepath ofSufism whilelivingin Nishapur, lived in Baghdad for several years, received Sufism education from Khwaja Usman Haruni and went to Indiain 1193.When Mu'inuddin arrived in India, hechose Ajmer (Rajputana) as his residence and center of activity and began to spread the teachings of the order. One of his disciples, Qutbuddin Bakhtiyor Koki Oshi (d. 635AH, somesources 633 AH), founded two centers of the Chishti order in Delhi and Hamiduddin Noguri in Noguri. The first center was close to Islamic culture, while the secon