NICKNAMES AND THEIR SPECIFIC FEATURES

Аннотация

Nicknames andtheirspecific features are explained inthe article. Key words:language, nicknames, word, features, linguistics. Just as the cultures of the peoples of the world are different, people have different living conditionsand living standards. Similarly, they have different mentality and character. Uzbek culture and manners are very different from English culture. This is especially evident when it comes to nicknames. Because in the English culture, nicknames, that is, nicknames, are considered normal and mean a friendly relationship, but in the Uzbek cultural system, this isa sign ofavery inappropriate and rude relationship. Nicknames havemany types according to theirstructure. Including: -Nicknames for people; -Nicknames for animals; -Inanimate objects are divided into nicknames for buildings and structures. In English culture, a person's nickname is recognized as a middle name and it is called "Nickname".Anicknameisoftenusedbetweenintimatesandhasaninformaltone. In England, some nicknames are traditionally associated with a person's surname. A person with the last name "Clark" gets the nickname "Nobby": The last name "Miller" gets the nickname "Dusty"(referringtotheflourdustofthemilleratwork):Thelastname"Adams"getsthenickname "Nabby." There are several other nicknames traditionally associated with a person's surname, including Chalky White, Bunny Warren, Tug Wilson, and Spud Baker. Other English nicknames refertoaperson'sorigin. In English, as in other languages, there are common nicknames for people based on their appearance or behavior. These are not unique nicknames that people get from family or friends based on their personality. Instead, they are generic nicknames that can be applied to anyone with similar physical or personality characteristics (such as hair color, body shape, interaction style). Someof these nicknames can be considered offensive, while others are neutral or cute. Often these nicknamesare not used when talkingdirectly to a person,on thecontrary, such nicknamesareused moreofteninthethirdperson,butsometimesinthesecondperson. Let's take a look at these English nicknames based on looks and personality. For future reference, let'stakealookatwhichofthesenicknamesareneutral,positive,ornegative(i.e.offensive). Nicknamesbasedonphysicalcharacteristicsorappearance: beanpole – someone who is tall and thin (neutral) blondie–a person with blond hair(neutral) page673 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue02,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai bones –avery skinny person (neutral/negative) chubs –aperson who is overweight (negative) fatso–aperson who is overweight (negative) four-eyes –aperson who wears glasses (negative) red –aperson with red hair(neutral) shorty –ashort person (neutral) slim–a person who isthin (neutral) small-fry –someone who is smallin size(neutral/negative) Nicknames based onpersonality or interaction style: Average Joe–aperson who isvery “normal” orlives a typical life(neutral) chatterbox –aperson who talks alot (negative) DebbieDowner–someone who is negativeor depressive to bearound (negative) Einstein –avery smart person (neutral/positive/negative–depending onthecontext) Nervous Nellie – a person who is very cautious and often worried (neutral/negative) moneybags–someone with alot ofmoney (neutral) We can also see that some English names are shortened and used as nicknames. It can be shortened to "Ed" for Edward, "Nick" for Nicholas, and "Ally" for Allison. In the Uzbeklanguage, nicknamesare givento peoplebased ontheirappearance, defects and shortcomings,orasaresultoftheirachievements,whileinEnglish,nicknamesarechosenbasedon their personal freedom, and it is far from insulting and humiliating. In the Uzbek language, it is mainly based on discrimination and laughing at defects, and in rare cases based on personal individualachievementsandlevelsofintelligence. In the Uzbek language, the term kulak is sometimes used as a nickname. A nickname is a personalterm,anicknamechosenbyapersonforacertainactivity. Nicknames for animals do not have a big difference in all countries and their cultures. The nicknamesgiventoanimalsarebasedontheirexternalstructure,sizeandappearance. Names given to inanimate objects, buildings and structures are mainly comparative and glorifying, and are referred to in a portable and literal sense. Such names can be used for cities, villagesandregions. Any onomastic unit arises due to the need for a certain designation, in turn, nicknames also arose dueto such a need. Nicknames are given to a person by those around him for different purposes, depending on different characteristics. page674 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue02,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai Nicknames are used for various purposes dependin