ALISHER NAVOI’S WORK “MUFRADOT” IS A RARE TREATISE DEDICATED TO MUAMMA GENRE

Аннотация

This article outlines the history, structure, and specific features of Hazrat Mir Alisher Navoi’s treatise “Mufradot” dedicated to the theory of muamma genre. Also, the role of the muamma in Navoi’s work and the mavlono’s contribution to the formation of Turkic muammaismare discussed. Keywords: Muamma (problem) genre, a’moli tas’hili, a’moli tahsili, a’moli takmili, intiqod, tarkib, tabdil, tansis, tahsis, tasmiya, talmeh, tarodif, ishtirok, kinoyat, tas’hif, istiora, tashbeh, hisob,khatima. In the classic Uzbek literature, as in the literature of the ancient East, the muamma (problem) genre plays an important role in the formation and improvement of the thinking, intelligence ofstudents of science andart of speech. Muamma (ar. “blinded”, “hidden”) is an independent poem consisting of one and sometimes two stanzas, rhyming in the form of a-a or a-b. A name or the name of an object is hidden in the problem. The blocked word is a variety of gestures of the poet: finding words with the same meaning or form, using the alternative of a word in a language in another one, making a new word by arranging certain letters in the words, and sometimes using abjad calculation orword formation based onnumbers and etcetera. Although the muamma first appeared in Arabic literature in the 10th-11th centuries, it was formed as aseparate genre inPersian literature in the 14th century. In Turkish literature, which is closely related to Persian literature, this genre developed very quickly in a practical way. “In our classical literature, especially in the 15th century, the position of the problem genre was very high. Alisher Navoi in his work “Majolis un-nafais” makes a special mention of whether he was engaged in the “science of the problem” or not. Babur also pays attention to this in his “Boburnoma”1. Even the talent of the poets of that time was evaluated by the extent to which they mastered the science of the problem. It has become customary to present and solve problems at conferences of scientists and poets. The rank of knowledge is determined by this. This science had its own teachers and admirers. Regarding this genre, Madina Matyakubova, a scholar of knowledge, writes in her book named “Zehn ziynati” (The Treasure of Mind) dedicated to the solution of knowledge problems: “Not everyone is lucky enoughto create and be successful in the problem genre, which is arare result of a sharp mind 1B.Kasimov.HistoryofUzbekliteratureandliteraryrelations.-T.:Scienceandtechnology,2008,p.22 page440 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue02,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai and artistic thinking. After all, this genre requires skill, magnificence, intelligence, hard work, and love from the artist. Problem art is an ornament of the mind. After all, it encourages the development of the intelligence, the expansion of thinking, the formation of high taste, observation and deep thinking. Also, through the solution of the subtle idea that the poet wants to express, it arouses in the reader a desire for beauty, sophistication, a deeper understanding of literature, and creates incomparable pleasure”. From this it is understood that the problem is a complex genre that requires strong knowledge, deep thinking, high taste and potential from the poet, and swinging a pen in this genre indicates that the poet has a high potential. “The best works created in this genre by such great writers as Alisher Navoi, Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur and Muhammad Reza Ogahi played a significant role in the formation and development of the genre of muamma in Turkic literature. Although Navoi wrote about 500 problems in Persian, 373 of them have survived to our time. Fifty-two of his problems, written in Turkic, are included in the divan “Navodir ush-shabob”2. It can be seen from the number of problems that Navoi created a lot in a complex genre that requires high potential,strong knowledge and deep thinking, which not manypoets can afford to write. There is also a special treatise by Alisher Navoi dedicated to the theory of the problem genre, which was written in the Persian-Tajik language based on the needs of the time. Thework is called “Mufradot” (Alphabet of the Muamma) or “Risalai muamma”.Navoi modestly explains the reason why the treatise was named “Mufradot” in the introduction of the work: “I am “alif” and “be” in this science (muamma science, now I am a beginner), so name the treatise “Mufradot” (in the study of the alphabet, writing single forms of letters and numbers from one to ten is called “Mufradot”). Also, all 121 problems in the work “Mufradot” are in the form of fard, and the name of the work may be “Mufradot” due to the fact that theplural offard is “mufradot”. The treatise was written in 890 AH - 1485 AD. Information about the history of writing the brochure can be found in Navoi’s “Hamsat ul-mutahayyirin” and Khondamir’s “Mak