ABSTRACT NOUNS, THEIR TYPES AND USAGE CHARACTERISTICS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF ENGLISH)

Аннотация

NOUNS, THEIRTYPES AND USAGE CHARACTERISTICS(ONTHE EXAMPLE OFENGLISH) AbdurakhmanovKhudoynazarAbdiraimovich KarshiEngineering andEconomics Institute,AssociateProfessor Email:suhratabdurahmonov120@gmail.com Annotation:Abstract nouns are important in English as words denoting concepts related to national culture and spirituality. In textbooks and manuals on English grammar in the Uzbek language, abstract nouns are partially divided into special groups, but not systematized. The results of practical work in this regard allow us to get to know the culture and nationality of the English-speaking peoples better. The translation of abstract nouns used in literary texts serves to solvetheproblem ofperfection. Key words:abstract nouns, material nouns, grammar, types of nouns,typology, stylistic function, material possession. Annotatsiya:Mavhum otlar ingliz tilida milliy madaniyat, ma’naviyatga bog‘liq bo‘lgan tushunchalarni nomlab keluvchi so‘zlar sifatida muhim ahamiyatga ega. O‘zbek tilidagi ingliz tili grammatikasiga oid darslik va qo‘llanmalarda mavhum otlar maxsus guruhlarga qisman ajratilgan, lekin tizimlashtirilmagan. Bu boradagi amaliy ishlarning natijalari ingliz tilida so‘zlashuvchi xalqlar madaniyati, milliyligi bilan yaqindan tanishish imkonini beradi. Badiiy matnlarda qo‘llangan mavhum otlarning tarjimasi mukammalligi masalasining yechimi bo‘lib xizmat qiladi. Kalit so‘zlar:mavhum otlar, moddiy otlar, grammatika, otlarning turlari, tipologiya, uslubiy vazifa, moddiylikka egalik. Аннотация:Абстрактные существительные важны в английском языке как слова, обозначающие понятия, связанные с национальной культурой и духовностью. В учебниках и пособиях по английской грамматике в узбекском языке абстрактные существительные частично разделены на специальные группы, но не систематизированы. Результаты практической работы в этом плане позволяют ближе познакомиться с культурой и национальностью англоязычных народов. Перевод абстрактных существительных, используемых в художественных текстах, служит решению проблемы совершенства. Ключевые слова: абстрактные существительные, вещественные существительные, грамматика, типы существительных, типология, стилистическая функция, вещественное владение. Abstract nouns are important in English, as in other languages, as words that name concepts related to national culture and spirituality. Words belonging to the noun class are studied in manuals and textbooks as means of expressing actions expressed by verbs, place names, etc., which are found in almost all sentences constructed in English speech. For example, in the book “English Grammar” (M.Gapporov, R.Qosimova, 2019), one of the page344 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue02,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai many English grammar manuals created in the Uzbek language, 35 pages are allocated for the noun class (pp. 107-142). Although considerable pages are allocated for studying the noun class, this manual does not specifically plan to study abstract nouns, which make up the bulk of nouns. Abstract nouns are only partially discussed in the comments on some grammatical categories of the noun class. However, they are not divided into special types and their grammatical possibilities are not explained. For example, the theoretical information that abstract nouns can also be used as uncountable nouns is proven using a speech fragment in which an abstract noun is used: “Concrete and abstract nouns are uncountable nouns. They are used only in the singular: Knowledge is power (Bilim - kuchdir)” [1:107-108]. In the given example, the nouns knowledge (bilim) and power (kuch) are presented as abstract nouns that are not countable. Also, it is not possible to agree with the idea that abstract nouns can sometimes become countable nouns in speech, in which case they become specific: “Some abstract nouns become specific and become countable nouns: He made a speech yesterday. His speeches are always interesting. (Kecha u nutq so‘zladi. Uning nutqlari doim qiziq)” [1:108]. In the given example, the word speech (nutq) used in the first sentence is presented as an uncountable noun, while the noun speeches (nutqlar) used in the second sentence is claimed to have become countable nouns. However, the fact that abstract nouns take the plural form does not make them specific nouns. After all, in the Uzbek language there are also cases where abstract nouns are used in the plural form. But such nouns remain abstract nouns and are considered to perform some stylistic functions in speech. The fact that the noun in the second example, which is claimed to be becoming definite, also does not meet the initial requirement of a definite noun - material possession, also proves our point. On the contrary, cases of a definite noun becoming abstract by adopting some grammatical forms occur in our language: “Abstract nouns are formed from ad