HOW TO IMPROVE READING SKILL?

Аннотация

In this article, we will provide general information about the reading section. The key aspects of reading comprehension will be explained step by step. We will also discuss how to use time efficiently and apply the right strategic formulas. Key words: cognitive process, Linguists, reading comprehension, scanning, skimming, decoding, vocabulary and fluency. КАК УЛУЧШИТЬ НАВЫК ЧТЕНИЯ? Аннотация. В этой статье мы предоставим общую информацию о разделе чтения. Ключевые аспекты понимания текста будут объяснены шаг за шагом. Также мы рассмотрим, как эффективно использовать время и применять правильные стратегические формулы. Ключевые слова: когнитивный процесс, лингвисты, сканирование, беглое чтение, декодирование, словарь, беглость. WHAT IS READING? Reading is a complex "cognitive process" of decoding symbols in order to construct or derive meaning. Reading is a means of language acquisition, communication, and of sharing information and ideas. Reading is one of the subjects to get information and knowledge about everything readers need from the written form. Reading is very important, and it is one of the four language skills that should be mastered by student for all level. According to Nunan (2003) reading is a fluent process of readers combining information from a text and their own background knowledge to build meaning. Then, Baker and Brown in Dorn and Soff os (2005) says that reading is a complex process involving a network of cognitive actions that work together to construct meaning. Then, Johnson states in his book that reading is the act of linking one idea to another. In addition, Linguists also give definitions about reading, their opinions about reading vary. 6 5 International scientific journal ISSN: 2181-3906 «MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH» 2025 VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 3 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ Some of them say that reading is the process to get, to understand, to catch the content of the reading. And also reading is a process to understand a written text which means extracting the required information from it as efficiently as possible. Those statements above show the various definitions of reading, they mean generally. Reading means a complex process of thinking in assigning meaning from printed materials which involve most of the reader’s intellectual act such as pronunciation and comprehension in order to receive ideas or information extended by the text. It can be seen that reading is not only looking at word in the form of graphic symbols but also getting meaning from word to word or line to line to understand what we read. It means that reading is process to understand the text content and to get information. What is reading comprehension? Understanding a written text means extracting the required information from it as efficiently as possible. For example, we apply different reading strategies when looking at a notice board to see if there is an advertisement for a particular type of flat and when carefully reading an article of special interest in a scientific journal. Yet locating the relevant advertisement on the board and understanding the new information contained in the article demonstrates that the reading purpose in each case has been successfully fulfilled. In the first case, a competent reader will quickly reject the irrelevant information and find what he is looking for. In the second case, it is not enough to understand the gist of the text; more detailed comprehension is necessary. It is therefore essential to take the following elements into consideration. Three-Level Taxonomy of Comprehension Thomas Barrett has suggested the following three types of action with his three-level taxonomy of reading comprehension (Clymer 1968). Literal Comprehension: Literal comprehension, the lowest of the three levels, requires a reader to be able to retell or recall the facts or information presented in a text. Names of characters and details of the setting are examples of literal comprehension. The information required for literal comprehension comes largely from the text itself. Recall comprehension can easily be evaluated. In responding to a literal question, the reader either can recall the information from the text or he or she cannot. [1;14] Inferential Comprehension: Inferential comprehension, the next level, refers to the ability of a reader to take in information that is inferred or implied within a text. If a text indicates that a character is carrying an umbrella while walking down a street on a cloudy day, you can infer that the character is expecting rain. 6 6 International scientific journal ISSN: 2181-3906 «MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH» 2025 VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 3 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ Inferential comprehension is more sophisticated than literal comprehension because it requires the orchestration and manipulation of information from the text as well as information that resides within the readers— their background knowledge. Critical Comprehension: Critical or evaluative compreh