"SOHIBQIRON AND THE SCALE OF JUSTICE"

Аннотация

This article discusses the issue of Amir Temur's approach to the principles of justice during the state administration reflected in “Temur tuzuklari” (Timur’s laws). Key words. “Temur tuzuklari”, justice, jurist, “Justice is the way of salvation”, faith, politics, honesty, human rights, just society, mercy, truth, sinner, innocent, charity, raiyat Amir Temur is a historical figure who ruled for 35 years and established an empire that covered a huge area from India and China to the Black Sea, from the Aral Sea to the Persian Gulf. More than 500 works of foreign researchers have been published about Amir Temur and the Timurids in 33 countries. A lot of historical, artistic, scientific works, pamphlets, journalistic articles have been written about the personality, history, military potential of our great grandfather Amir Temur, his role among peoples and states, his activity in establishing diplomatic relations. There is no doubt that, whether it is a large work or a small article written about Temur, in each of them, the personality of the genius is highly evaluated as a great statesman, a skillful general, a patron of science and culture, who left an indelible mark in history. As the researchers turn to the personality of Amir Temur, new and unexplored aspects of this great genius keep coming to light. In particular, Amir Temur opposes building a just society, ensuring human rights based on jurisprudence (Muslim jurisprudence), inviolability of property, and violence.[1.26] Amir Temur's short phrase "Justice is the way of salvation" written on his ring was a mirror of his worldview and the main motto of his practical activities. But his influence is clearly felt in all of Temur's letter actions. Belief in justice was raised to the level of faith for Amir Temur. Sahibqiran's (imperial title means "The Lord of the Auspicious Conjunction (ِبِ حِ اصَ نارَ ِق)" in Persianized Arabic and refers to a ruler whose horoscope features a particular conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn, portending a reign of world-conquest and justice)[2] work "Temur tuzuklari" which informs about Amir Temur's life and social and political activities from the age of seven until his death (1342-1405) and written according to his own words, says about 127 SCIENCE AND INNOVATION IN THE EDUCATION SYSTEM International scientific-online conference his rule of a just state as following: "With justice and honesty, I pleased God's created servants with me. I judged both the guilty and the innocent with mercy and justice. I won people's hearts with my charity work. With policy and honesty, I kept my soldiers and raiyat between hope and fear. I showed mercy to citizens and those under my command"[3.54] Amir Temur always followed the advice of his teachers and listened to their advice in governing the state with justice. He used to consult before starting every work, and about this, says in his “Temur tuzuklari”: 1) consult (with yourself); 2) consult (with others); 3) make a firm decision with caution and deliberation; 4) be careful. Because a kingdom without council and advice can be compared to an ignorant person whose actions and words are all mistakes; May his words and deeds bring regret to his head. Therefore, in managing the kingdom, work with advice and counsel, so that you do not regret it in the end. This letter was a guiding light for me. He explained to me that nine percent of the affairs of the kingdom are done by counsels, events, and councils, and the remaining one percent is done by the sword.”[3.14] Sahibqiran Amir Temur paid great attention to the life of the common people and saw the common people as members of his family. Therefore, they used to appoint someone who was asked by the people to be the leader in order to get information about the condition of the people, to know their mood. "I was aware of the condition of the raiyat, I saw the elders in the place of elders, and the younger ones in the place of children. I was familiar with the nature of every place, the customs and customs of every country and city. I made friends with the nobles of every country and city. I appointed as their governors the people who were suitable to their clients and their nature, and whom they wanted. I was aware of the situation of the inhabitants of each land. I appointed pious and correct writers to write down the situation of each country, the mood of the soldiers, their behavior, their actions, and the connections between them. I punished them when it was reported to me that they had written something wrong. If I heard that any of the governors and soldiers had wronged the people, I immediately took measures for justice and fairness against them."[3.55] As mentioned above, Sahibqiran Amir Temur tried to be fair to the common people, to find out about their condition, and he paid special attention to the issue of appointing a just leader like himself, and he was very demanding of the newly appointed leader. We refer to the "Temur tuzuklari" ab