METHODS OF TEACHING ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE

Аннотация

It is essential that several approaches to teaching English be used. New strategies for encouraging pupils' speaking must be considered while teaching a foreign language. Nonetheless, many traditional schools continue to try to use outdated texts and techniques. However, issues will inevitably arise, and language learners are dissatisfied with both the caliber of instruction and the outcomes. The goal of this essay is to go over several engaging teaching strategies that can affect students' language development. Key words: Traditional language-learning methods, repetitive exercises, cultural elements, “Bonk textbook”, a blended teaching strategy. Аннотация: Важно использовать несколько подходов к преподаванию английского языка. При обучении иностранному языку необходимо учитывать новые стратегии поощрения разговорной речи учащихся. Тем не менее, многие традиционные школы продолжают пытаться использовать устаревшие тексты и методики. Однако проблемы неизбежно возникнут, и изучающие язык будут недовольны как качеством обучения, так и результатами. Цель этого эссе - рассмотреть несколько привлекательных стратегий обучения, которые могут повлиять на языковое развитие учащихся. Ключевые слова: традиционные методы изучения языка, повторяющиеся упражнения, элементы культуры, “учебник Бонка”, смешанная стратегия обучения. The days of learning a foreign language only involved memorization of grammar rules and vocabulary are long gone. Traditional language-learning methods often emphasized rote learning, repetitive exercises, and translation from the native language to the target language. While these methods did yield results, they often came at the cost of student engagement and enjoyment. Despite the availability of 9 International scientific journal “Interpretation and researches” Volume 1 issue 2 (48) | ISSN: 2181-4163 | Impact Factor: 8.2 numerous language-learning approaches worldwide, it was not until the 20th century that English teaching methods in our country underwent a significant transformation. The objectives and methodologies of language learning evolved, leading to a surge in diverse teaching strategies. Each approach to language learning comes with its own advantages and limitations. While traditional methods laid a solid foundation, they often faced criticism for their rigid and monotonous nature. Typically, mastering a language required learners to spend countless hours reading texts, translating passages, memorizing vocabulary, and completing structured exercises. Writing tasks such as essays and dictations were used to reinforce learning and diversify activities. One of the oldest and most widely used approaches is the classical method, which prioritizes understanding the intricacies of language rather than mere fluency. Its primary focus is on building a strong grammatical foundation, making it particularly suitable for beginners. This method, commonly taught in schools, remains prevalent in various linguistic institutions in Kazakhstan and neighboring countries. The classical approach follows a structured sequence—starting with grammar rules, applying them to specific examples, and reinforcing them through exercises. A well-known advocate of this method is N.A. Bonk, whose “Bonk textbook” has stood the test of time despite competition from modern Western methodologies. However, a notable drawback of this approach is its limited emphasis on conversational practice. To address this shortcoming, the classical method can be complemented with more interactive and communicative techniques. One such approach is the lingo- sociocultural method, which moves beyond grammar and vocabulary to incorporate cultural and societal aspects of the target language. Proponents of this method argue that language should be viewed as a dynamic communication tool rather than a set of rigid rules. By integrating cultural elements—such as traditions, customs, and history, students gain a deeper appreciation for the language and its practical applications. Among the various modern methodologies, the communicative approach has emerged as one of the most effective and widely used methods for teaching foreign languages. Popular in Europe and the United States, this method has gained prominence in leading linguistic institutions across our country. By blending elements of both traditional and contemporary methods, the communicative approach prioritizes real-life communication and language fluency over rote memorization. The core objective is to help learners overcome language barriers, build confidence in speaking, and develop well-rounded language skills, including writing, listening, and reading. Unlike traditional methods, grammar is introduced organically through conversation rather than as an isolated subject. The key principle behind this 10 International scientific journal “Interpretation and researches” Volume 1 issue 2 (48) | ISSN: 2181-4163 | Impact Factor: 8.2 approach is oral progression—students first memorize c