DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF BASAL CELL CARCINOMAS

Аннотация

Basal cell epithelioma can be localized on all areas of the skin, with the exception of the palms and soles. The favorite place, however, is the face, especially the periorbital region. The mucous membranes are never affected. Gistogenesis. There are several theories about the origin of basal cell epithelioma. Krompecher, who first described basal cell epithelioma in 1903, considered this tumor as a cancer of the basal cells of the epidermis, since, in his opinion, the tumor tends to form glandular formations reminiscent of embryonic glandular formations of basal cells. Usually, basal cell epithelioma manifests itself in single foci, however, it is not uncommon to observe multiple elements. In exceptional cases, the number of basal cell epitheliomas may exceed a hundred. [Nobland, Nisbet, Potrie]. Clinically, there are four forms of basal cell epithelioma: 1) nodular ulcerative basal cell epithelioma (including ulcus rodens), 2) pigmented basal cell epithelioma, 3) fibrous (scleroderma-like) basal cell epithelioma, 4) superficial basal cell epithelioma. The most common form is nodular-ulcerative. Initially, a small warty nodule appears, often with several telangiectatic vessels on the surface. The nodule gradually enlarges and undergoes central ulceration. A typical element is a slowly progressing ulcer, on the edges of which there are “jewels”. This is the so- called ulcus rodens. Pigmented basal cell epithelioma differs from the nodular- ulcerative form only in the dark pigmentation of the element. Scleroderma-like or fibrosing epithelioma appears as a slightly raised, dense, yellowish plaque with poorly defined borders. For a long time the overlying skin remains unchanged, but eventually ulceration occurs. Superficial basal cell epithelioma presents as one or more erythematous, scaly, slightly infiltrated plaques surrounded by delicate, filamentous, pearly margins. Plaques usually have small areas of superficial ulceration and crusting; Smooth atrophic scars may be observed in the center. Key words: Basal cell carcinoma, ulcus rodens, nodular ulcerative basal cell epithelioma, pigmented basal cell epithelioma, scleroderma-like, superficial basal cell epithelioma, histological examination, dermatoscopy. 191 International scientific journal “Interpretation and researches” Volume 2 issue 2 (24) | ISSN: 2181-4163 | Impact Factor: 8.2