ИСКУССТВЕННЫЙ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТ ЗАПРЕЩЕН ИЛИ ПОДДЕРЖИВАЕТСЯ В ИСЛАМСКОМ ПРАВЕ?

Аннотация

This descriptive scientific article shortly analyzes the intersection of artificial intelligence (AI) and Islamic morality, discussing the potential impact of AI on ethical considerations within the framework of Islamic law. It explores the opportunities and challenges that arise when integrating AI systems in line with Islamic moral values. This article aims to stimulate discussion and guide future research concerning the harmonious integration of AI and Islamic law. Keywords: artificial intelligence, Islamic morality, ethics, principles, privacy, fairness, sharia. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has become popular all over the world. Despite its many advantages, different legal families are taking different approaches to regulating AI. The impact of AI on ethics, the attitude of various sources of law to AI, the regulatory mechanism and other such issues are gaining urgent importance. It is possible to cite many examples of the fact that such issues 182 International scientific journal “Interpretation and researches” Volume 2 issue 2 (24) | ISSN: 2181-4163 | Impact Factor: 8.2 related to AI are clearly regulated in the families of common law and civil law, and various scientific studies have been carried out. However, it can be observed that in countries where Islamic law rules, the issues of the interaction of AI and Sharia law norms have not been fully studied, and in some Arab countries even AI is prohibited. In addition, if we pay attention to various international scientific bases, it can be seen that there are very few scientific studies devoted to the issues of the interaction of Islamic ethics and AI. For instance, such researchers cannot be found in the jstor.org database. At a time when the issue of AI has become one of the most popular research topics in other countries, the development of AI has revived a long-standing debate about the relationship between modern liberalism and Islamic law [11]. As scientist A.Z.Ali mentioned, AI is a combination of computer science, philosophy and physiology. AI is a broad topic, consisting of different sphere, from machine vision to expert systems. The element that the sphere of AI have in common is the creation of machines that can “think”. In order to classify machines as “thinking”, it is necessary to define intelligence. To what degree does intelligence consist of, for example, solving complex problems, or making generalizations and relationships? And what about perception and comprehension? Research into the areas of learning, of language, and of sensory perception have aided scientists in building intelligent machines [1. P. 74]. In general, after having a brief description of AI, the impact of AI on Islamic law and the legal issues that may arise as a result of their interaction can be analyzed below: Firstly, Islamic law does not reject artificial intelligence. After all, Sharia does not oppose the development of science. However, Muslims emphasize the value of upholding human dignity, compassion, and the quest of spiritual development while acknowledging the potential of AI. They issue a warning against placing an undue dependence on AI, which could cause morality and human contact to be neglected. In addition, unethically receiving various awards (in competitions, contests etc.) or evaluation (in educational institutions, etc.) through plagiarism or various (scientific, technical, creative, etc.) works prepared by AI is considered against Islamic ethics. In this case, moral issues such as not fulfilling the rights of other members of society, acting contrary to moral teachings, teaching members of society to “fraud” are considered as the first and main problem. Due to the fact that morality is at a lower level in other legal families, various legal issues [12] and judicial disputes [4] related to AI are observed only on the issue of plagiarism. However, the issue of the influence of AI on the morals of society members is not a cause for concern for other families of law, such as Sharia law. 183 International scientific journal “Interpretation and researches” Volume 2 issue 2 (24) | ISSN: 2181-4163 | Impact Factor: 8.2 Secondly, issues related to copyright infringement [4] are one of the most important issues in Islamic law, like other legal families. According to the rules of Sharia, not every author wants to be victim of copyright infringement by other people. However, AI technologies sometimes use the authors’ work without their consent. Thirdly, the issue of privacy is also considered a sensitive aspect in AI technologies. The right to privacy is a supreme value in Sharia law. The person, the honor, dignity, and personal secrets of the person are one of the main issues that are protected in the Islamic religion. Although all the main issues mentioned above are common to Islamic law, the attitudes towards them by countries based on different Sharia rules are different. At this point, the following basic rules of Islamic law are appl