THE DEFINITION OF POLITICAL TEXT AND A CLASSIFICATION OF POLITICAL DISCOURSE

Аннотация

В данной статье представлена информация о понятии политического текста и понятии политического дискурса, их специфических характеристиках, внутренней классификации и особенностях. Ключевые слова. Текст, политический текст, дискурс, политический дискурс, концепция. Annotatsiya. Ushbu maqolada siyosiy matn tushunchasi va siyosiy nutq tushunchasi, ularning o'ziga xos xususiyatlari, ichki tasnifi va klassifikatsiyasi haqida ma'lumot beriladi. Kalit so'zlar. Matn, siyosiy matn, nutq, siyosiy nutq, tushuncha. Introduction. Text is a large collection of information through which a person receiving information receives information in a particular field. We have already mentioned in our plans above the history of the text and its concept and the importance of the study. As you know, a text is a set of information that delivers information of any content and is studied as a whole in linguistics as a whole. A lot of researches have been done on the subject as well. Different scholars have different views on the classification of text. Beaugrande and Dressler3 depict that: text types are a set for producing and processing text occurrences and hence acts as a prominent determine of efficiency, effectiveness and appropriateness. Moreover, text types are classes of text which share certain structural and functional elements and have developed conventionalized patterns with a high level of usage. These text types are used to tell us about human experiences, in an imaginative way. According to Mark and Kathy Anderson4 divide a text into two groups: - Literary - Factual. 3 Beaugrande, R. de and Dressler, W. Introduction to Text Linguistics. Longman, 1981. – 181 p. 4 Anderson, Mark and Kathy Anderson. Text Types in English II. Sydney, Australia: MacMillan. 1998. – 27 p. 38 International scientific journal “Interpretation and researches” Volume 2 issue 2 (24) | ISSN: 2181-4163 | Impact Factor: 8.2 Marina Santini studied on Gradations of text types in Web pages used by corpus of the system capable automatically deriving gradations of text types into 4 types: - Descriptive - Narrative - Explicatory - Informational. We can divide the text into the following groups according to the content of the information: - Narrative - Non- fiction - Poetry Although there are many definitions and classifications about text types by linguists, dividing into types of texts are still stand in front of scholars for discussion. Main body. Coming to the political texts, the texts are regarded as explanatory, non- chronologic, non-fiction and informative texts. In political science, there are three main approaches to categorizing an individual documents: lexicon - based pattern matching, unsupervised topic models, supervised – learning classifiers. In general, the research on classifying political texts can be divided into either dictionary-based methods or machine learning-based methods.5 Many typical situations of this interaction are embodied in speech genres of political discourse. In there are three hyper genres in contemporary political discourse: - political documents, - election campaigning - political debate. Differential features for distinguishing hyper genres are: a. Signs associated with the act of communication (oral or written situations). b. Features associated with personal characteristics communicants and external conditions of communication. c. Signs associated with the message. d. the following tables provide meaningful characteristics hyper genres based on the components of the act of communication. Genre-communicative organization of modern political discourse is built on the following types of relationships: 1. The relationship of juxtaposition. This relationship exists between three hypergenres: political documents, election campaigning, political debate. Of these 5 Grimmer J. and Stewart B. M. Text as Data: The Promise and Pitfalls of Automatic Content Analysis Methods for Political Texts. Cambridge University Press, 2017. 39 International scientific journal “Interpretation and researches” Volume 2 issue 2 (24) | ISSN: 2181-4163 | Impact Factor: 8.2 three hypergenres, the most voluminous is a hypergenre of pre-election campaigning (written and oral channel communications), followed by political documents and political debate using either a written or oral channel communications; 2. Genus-species relation. This relationship takes place within the hypergenre. Program documents (program, manifesto, charter) and hypergenre election campaigning (genres election platform, interviews, personal appeal, political advertising); 3. Inclusion relation (whole-part). This relation is set between genre and genre block, between genre and subgenres. In the hypergenre, program documents are the most important genre blocks are the genres of declarations, resolutions and statements, in the hyper-genre pre-election campaign there are genre blocks commitment, petition, autobiography. 4. Intersection relation. This attitude is embodied in genreoids