Youth labor migration in Uzbekistan

Аннотация

The process of labor migration in Uzbekistan plays a crucial role in shaping the country’s demographic and economic landscape. This article analyzes the main motives, trends, and consequences of external labor migration from Uzbekistan. In particular, factors contributing to migration - economic problems, shortage of jobs, and the search for better living conditions - are considered. In addition, the social and economic impact of migration, including the experience of returning labor migrants and their contribution to the local economy through remittances, is also analyzed. The study also examines the policies and programs implemented by the Government of Uzbekistan to regulate labor migration. Keywords: Labor migration, external migration, economic factors, Uzbekistan, remittances, migration policy. studying the term "labor migrant" is mainly an Introduction: The Republic of Uzbekistan is one of the invention of modern researchers, designed to be largest states in Central Asia, and its youth labor understood from the point of view of states, especially migration processes play an important role in the recipient countries [1]. According to the English country's economy and social life. In recent years, it has researcher Cassie, the changes taking place in the labor become common for young people from Uzbekistan to market, along with creating opportunities, also create go abroad in search of work. The Russian Federation, serious risks. In response, it is necessary to develop South Korea, Kazakhstan, and Turkey remain the skills in various professional fields and improve social primary destinations for young labor migrants from policy. Uzbekistan. In this study, theoretical and analytical methods were Among the main factors causing youth labor migration used, and literature analysis, the use of secondary data, are limited employment opportunities in the domestic theoretical analysis, and an analytical approach were labor market, high competition, the desire to ensure chosen as the main methods. economic stability, and high wages abroad. This process has both positive and negative consequences. RESULTS In particular, while remittances sent by young migrants In total, 181,100 individuals emigrated from Uzbekistan have a significant positive impact on their families and [3]. This is a very high indicator. It is essential to the country's economy, there are also problems such as establish adequate conditions to retain young youth exclusion from education and professional professionals and prevent the loss of the primary development, social separation, and violations of labor workforce. This situation is observed not only within rights. the framework of the qualitative composition (level of METHODS education), but also represents a loss of the main labor force. The majority of our population (according to the As noted by the Chinese researcher Xiang, the topic of American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research 70 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajsshr American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research (ISSN: 2771-2141) Statistics Agency, as of January 1, 2023, the number of Republic of Uzbekistan instructed the Agency for young people (14-30 years old) in the republic was External Labor Migration (AEMM) under the Ministry of 9,654,351 people, which is 26.8% of the total Employment and Poverty Reduction of the Republic of population) is young people [4]. According to the State Uzbekistan to train 100,000 workers and qualified Statistics Committee, in January-June 2022, the total specialists proficient in foreign languages for organized number of labor resources in Uzbekistan amounted to external labor migration (Presidential Press Service, 19 million 453.3 thousand people [5]. As can be seen, 2024). Following this, TMMA announced a competition the majority of the main labor force consists of young for 50,000 vacancies in Germany in 2024 in partnership people. Due to the lack of jobs and low monthly with foreign employers, including nursing, truck driver, income, young people are leaving for other countries maintenance of trucks and agricultural machinery, for labor migration. In Uzbekistan, the desire to create hotel management, restaurant, work, tourism, new business projects through the provision of handicrafts, mechatronics, construction, and other services, production, and innovation is significantly sectors (TMMA, 2024 (a)). In March 2024, TMMA increasing. Young individuals recognize the necessity of announced that about 100,000 people would be acquiring qualifications to contribute effectively to the recruited on a competitive basis for about 37,000 jobs production of competitive goods and services. In in the Republic of Korea in 2024. Employed labor particular, young people returning from working as migrants are employed in manufacturing (22,248 labor migrants in the Russian Federation bring back not people), agriculture (6,858 people), the service sector only material but also substant