THE IMPORTANCE OF THE ELECTION SYSTEM IN INCREASING THE INFLUENCE OF POLITICAL PARTIES IN SOCIETY IN UZBEKISTAN

Аннотация

The globalization of political processes in the modern world further strengthens the connection between the activities of political parties and electoral systems. The electoral system is one of the main factors contributing to increasing the influence of political parties in society. Also, the presence of the direct impact of political parties on improving the democratic nature of elections is of great importance, and today it is one of the urgent topics in the research center of modern political science. In Uzbekistan, practical reforms to strengthen the participation of political parties in political processes have also accelerated in recent years. In particular, measures to improve the electoral system have been strengthened to enhance the influence of political parties in society. Keywords: Uzbekistan, political party, electoral system, democracy, civil society, majoritarian electoral system, proportional electoral system, mixed electoral system, electorate. Introduction. In global academia, extensive research has been conducted on the relationship between party systems and electoral systems, which are crucial components of the political system. While there are numerous approaches to the formation and development of political party institutions and electoral institutions, the majority of political scientists are unanimous in their opinion regarding the connection between them, emphasizing that "there is a strong correlation". Speaking about elections, we can observe that in the context of today's globalization, with the expansion of the geography of democracy, the transparency and democratic nature of elections are increasing, and the possibilities of using modern internet technologies during the election campaign are growing year by year. From this point of view, in Uzbekistan, special attention is paid to the further democratization of elections, ensuring the free participation and competition of political parties. Especially significant is the fact 106 CURRENT APPROACHES AND NEW RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCES International scientific-online conference that the last elections to the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan and local Kengashes, held on October 27, 2024, were held based on the "Mixed" electoral system for the Legislative Chamber, aimed at further increasing the influence of political parties in society. Main Part. When discussing electoral systems and their impact on the activities of political parties, we must first pay attention to their connection with the political system and political regime. In political science, the political system is considered a broad concept, and we can cite the political regime, party system, and electoral systems as its integral components. The characteristics of the political system are determined by the political regime, which is its main component. That is, whether a political regime is authoritarian or democratic is reflected in the characteristics of the political system. Institutions operating in society can also be characterized by their authoritarian or democratic nature, depending on the type of political regime. The electoral system and the party system are also characterized in direct connection with the type of political regime. For example, in a democratic regime, as a rule, a multi-party system operates, and the electoral system is fair and transparent. To establish democratic elections, it is first of all necessary that the legislative framework comply with generally recognized international electoral standards. In general, regarding the concept and essence of "international electoral standards," it should be noted that "international electoral standards are understood as the principles of international law on the organization and conduct of elections related to the electoral rights of citizens"[2]. For the electoral system of each country to be democratic, it is necessary, first of all, to comply with "International Electoral Standards". In Uzbekistan, democratic elections are also held within the framework of a multi-party system. Electoral systems are divided into three types. 1. Majoritarian electoral system. 2. Proportional electoral system. 3. Mixed electoral system. Let us briefly dwell on the above-mentioned electoral systems. The electoral system is a political institution related to the organization of the process of electing politicians, the implementation of voting procedures, and the determination of results, as well as the distribution of mandates (legal relations of representation, vacant seats occupied through elections) between parties[5] many scholars describe the electoral system in connection with political parties. 107 CURRENT APPROACHES AND NEW RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCES International scientific-online conference A majoritarian electoral system (from the French word "majorité," meaning majority) is understood in constitutional law as determining the outcome of voting in elections to representati