PARTICIPATION OF POLITICAL PARTIES IN THE ELECTORAL PROCESS IN UZBEKISTAN

Аннотация

Since the emergence of political parties, their role in society has been strengthened, and they have been performing certain tasks to ensure the well- being of human life. The contribution of political parties to development can be measured by the level of political consciousness of an individual living in modern society. One of the main tasks of political parties is to increase a person's political consciousness, activity and knowledge. The article focuses on the role of political parties in society and the tasks they should perform in its development. Key words: political party, society, state, political consciousness, political power, party system, democracy, elections. Introduction. Let's look at the history of political parties. We can see that they appeared primarily due to the need to create a favourable social-political, legal, economic, and cultural environment for them to live and work in while protecting the interests of people in society. Political parties, as a complex socio-political phenomenon, are being studied as an object of research in political science from different perspectives. In world science, there are still many debates and disputes about the definition of political parties, their emergence, characteristics and tasks. Political parties are primarily considered an important political institution that leads society towards development. They try to develop the political consciousness of the population, the electorate, to ensure political activity and thus to ensure the direct or indirect participation of citizens in governance. The fact that the concept of representative democracy has been widely used in political science in recent years means that this process is carried out directly through political parties and that these concepts are interrelated and complement each other. The ability of political parties to fulfil their tasks at a high level will raise the development of society to a new level and will further strengthen its position and lead to an increase in public confidence in it. The main part. We can see that the scope of action of political parties while organizing society is related to the main purpose of its activity to ensure 224 THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES International scientific-online conference its development. True, not all political parties may serve the development of society, but all of them have the goal of realizing the wishes and desires of certain narrow or wide groups. As the political party as a very complex socio- political phenomenon is deeply researched, we can observe that its new features are revealed and new tasks are created in line with the times. We can divide scholars who study political parties into three groups. Western scientists who studied the activities of the first group of political parties include M. Duverge, M. Weber, J. Sartori, G. Hegel, R. Michels, T. Hobbs, J. Locke, and J.-J. Rousseau. J. Mill, T. Parsons, Z. Neyman, K. Zanda, Russian scientists M. Ostrogorsky, B. Isaev, V. Pugachev, A. Salovev, V. K. Baturin, A. Akmalov, Uzbek scientists M. Kyrgyzboyev, Q. Nazarov, S. Berdikulov, R. Hasanov, Q. Jurayev, H. Odilkoriyev, D. Razzokov, V. Kochkarov, B. Yakubov and others studied. According to Q. Jurayev, "Political party is the most active part of citizens, connected based on a common ideology, striving to gain, preserve and implement state power, a voluntary union" [1, -P. 199]. Thus, one of the common features of political parties is that their main goal is to gain and maintain power. Almost all political scientists cite the desire for power as the main characteristic of political parties. According to M. Weber, for political parties to be formed as an institutional political structure, the following should be present in it: - party leaders and party apparatus; - party discipline; - financial resources of the party; - party press; - party propaganda (advertising) [2, -P. 93]. We believe that it is necessary to pay special attention to these elements when studying the political party from an institutional point of view. Also, we should not forget that the work of the party in the ideological sphere is directly affected by the efficiency of its activity as a structure. Political scientists who have studied political parties based on different approaches have also revealed conclusions about the characteristics of parties in different ways. Indeed, the division of political parties into types is also important. It should not be overlooked that the characteristics of different types of political parties are also different. For example, according to M. Duverje, "Political parties are divided into personnel, mass and ultra-centralized types" [3]. American political scientist J. LaPalombara focuses on three main characteristics of a political party: 225 THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES International scientific-online conference 1. The existence of a certain political ideology, b