HISTORICAL-PHILOSOPHICAL AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ISSUES IN NIZAMULMULK’S “SIYOSATNOMA”

Аннотация

В статье рассматриваются историко-философские и вопросы государственного управления, политической истории, социально- экономической жизни, общества, государственного управления, философии и этики в произведении Низамулмулка “Сиёсатнома”. Ключевые слова: работа, государственное управление, политика, история, карьера, дворец, государство, центр, коммуникация, социально- экономический, налог, философия, идея. Nizamulmulk - The title of the Seljuk state figure Abu Ali al-Khasan ibn Ali ibn Is’haq at-Tusi, who gained fame under the name “Nizamulmulk”, that is, the system and order of property. After studying in Nishapur and Merv, after reaching adulthood, he went to Balkh and entered the service of Ali ibn Shadan. When talking about the similar aspect of the Development Strategy, which will be implemented for the next five years, to the Action Strategy, which was implemented in all spheres of the country’s life in the past five years, it should be noted that this strategic document was adopted only after a wide public discussion.[1] He rose to the position of minister in the palace of the Seljuk king Alp Arslan. After Alp Arslan was killed in 1072, Nizam-ul-Mulk became a minister in the palace, his son, 17-year-old Malik Shakh, and conducted almost all state affairs himself. Nizam-ul-Mulk fought against the separatist movements of large landowners and tribal chiefs in the country and pursued a policy of centralizing state administration. In 1067, he founded the Nizamiya madrasah of 85 МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯ АКАДЕМИЧЕСКИХ НАУК doctrine and law in Baghdad. In 1091, he wrote the work Siyar-ul-Muluk. If we take into account this golden rule of economic development, the faster we eliminate such losses caused by our lack of economic literacy and ignorance, the faster our life will be prosperous[2]. It contains almost all the rules and laws, methods and means related to state administration, the work of the judge and the judiciary, the army and soldiers, the issues of servants and personal soldiers, the duties of the guards and guards in the palace, their salaries, postal and espionage (intelligence) work, their material aspects, even the king’s family affairs, taxes and tribute, zakat and endowments. The main idea of the work is that the minister Nizamulmulk calls on the king and the governors to be just and fair, to establish peace and kindness, to govern the state wisely and establish strict rules and order, to be conscientious, pure, honest and faithful, to work for the well-being of the country, the well- being of its people, peace and harmony. Nizamulmulk dies on the way to Baghdad from the blade of a hired assassin. They considered it a high moral value to use water, air, fire, soil without polluting them to ensure the harmonious development of nature and society.[3] Nizamulmulk’s “Siyosatnama” or “Siyar ul-muluk” is a notable source as a political program of the Seljuk dynasty in the field of state administration, which is also of particular value in the history of Uzbek national statehood. In today’s era of globalization, the issue of forming the economic thinking of young people is of particular importance in the process of transitioning to the third stage of renaissance in our country, building a legal and democratic state based on market relations, and forming the foundations of civil society. Because one of the main goals of the socio-economic reforms being carried out in our country is aimed at this very issue.[4] The work is a political program of the 56th dynasty of Nizamulmulk, who ruled in the 9th-10th centuries, and it provides historical information on important political events that took place in Central Asia and Iran in the Middle Ages from the 6th to the 11th centuries, as well as on ideological and ideological processes. The historical, philosophical and state administration information found in the work can be divided into the following groups: - information on political history - information on socio-economic life; - information on spiritual life; - information on the history of struggles between Islamic sects; - religious and secular principles of governance; - political philosophy, institutions of self-government. 86 МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯ АКАДЕМИЧЕСКИХ НАУК On the basis of the above-mentioned opinions and evidence, it is possibleto draw clear conclusions about the objective and subjective factors of forming the economic thinking of our young entrepreneurs.[5] Political- practical aspects of the rule of law The adoption of laws by kings and sultans is a political activity, which is related to the life of the people (raiyat). First, the king writes decrees and introduces them to the people. Although this may seem simple, it is also useful for modern political science. However, it must constantly function in a manner similar to the life of society. Then political institutions, including the agencies that ensure their implementation, will not lag behind the demands of life. Secondly, if t