SEMANTICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF TOPONYMS IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES

Аннотация

The study of geographical names is carried out by the special science which is called “toponymy”. Toponymy is a special branch of linguistics, because any noun is a word, according to “place names” is part of such a language system and obeys its basic laws. How to name places is primarily determined by the needs of a particular stage of society. This article portrays toponyms in English and Uzbek languages. It also discusses some of the research that has emerged the data about toponyms that have analysed in morphological point of view in both languages. By applying to contrastive method, the toponyms are also discussed. This article describes the importance of toponyms in linguistics, their semantic features, as well as a comparative analysis of Uzbek and English toponyms. Key words: Proper nouns, toponyms, contrastive, morphological analyses, semantic features. СЕМАНТИЧЕСКИЙ И МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ ТОПОНИМОВ В АНГЛИЙСКОМ И УЗБЕКСКОМ ЯЗЫКАХ Аннотация. Изучением географических названий занимается специальная наука, которая называется «топонимика». Топонимия является особой отраслью языкознания, потому что любое существительное является словом, согласно «местоназваниям», является частью такой языковой системы и подчиняется ее основным законам. Как называть места, в первую очередь определяется потребностями определенной стадии общества. В этой статье описываются топонимы в английском и узбекском языках. В ней также обсуждаются некоторые исследования, которые выявили данные о топонимах, которые были проанализированы с морфологической точки зрения в обоих языках. Применяя контрастивный метод, также обсуждаются топонимы. В этой статье описывается значение топонимов в языкознании, их семантические особенности, а также сравнительный анализ узбекских и английских топонимов. Ключевые слова: Имена собственные, топонимы, контрастивный, морфологический анализ, семантические особенности. 1507 ResearchBib IF - 11.01, ISSN: 3030-3753, Volume 2 Issue 2 In today's global world, English is not only a means of communication, but also international trade, occupies an important place in the fields of diplomacy, technology and education. Uzbekistan to independence economic development, expansion of international relations and education after achieving to learn foreign languages, especially English, as an important part of advancement in the field great attention was paid. Learning English is also for Uzbekistan's development strategy is of particular importance, because this language opens up new opportunities and perspectives around the world is one of the main factors in opening. In this process, the general and specific features of the language are based on the internal capabilities of both languages, taking into account the linguistic, cultural and structural aspects of the language analysis is of great importance in the process of exchanging information from one language to another and in the process of translation. That's it place names that exist in the field of onomastics of both languages, particularly toponyms, the use in meanings, the detailed study of their morphological structural structure is relevant not only for linguistics but also for other fields. At first we describe the word “Toponyms” with a linguistic point. Toponyms are place names, including the names of cities, towns, countries, regions, and geographical features like rivers, mountains, and lakes. These names often have historical, linguistic, or cultural significance, and they can sometimes reflect the characteristics of the place or the people who named it. Toponyms play a key role in the field of onomastics, which is the study of names—particularly personal names (anthroponyms) and place names (toponyms). While onomastics primarily focuses on understanding the origins, meanings, and usage of names, toponyms specifically provide valuable insights into cultural, historical, linguistic, and geographical contexts. In world linguistics, H.A. Smith, A.L. Dauzat, G.J. Copley, G.V. Lemon’s scientific researchs are the science of toponymy deserves special recognition in its formation1. The theoretical foundations of toponyms in H.A. Smith's study, meaning groups of French toponyms in the work of A.L. Dauzat illuminated. In the work of G. J. Copley, places are common and famous if the issues related to names were analyzed, G.V. Lemon views on the etymology of toponyms in the English language stated. A famous Russian who defined the concept of a toponym linguists N.V. Podolskaya and A.V. Superanskaya "toponyms are any geographic except for planet Earth a generalization for all words expressing nouns is a term", they noted2. By V.A. Nikonov "toponymics geographical names engaged in learning; language history, dialectology, intersects with the fields of etymology and lexicology; history, was 1 Подолская Н.В., Суперанская А.В.Терминология ономастики // Вопросы языкознания. – 1969. –№ 4. – С.141. 2 Подолская Н.В., Суперанская А.В.Терминология ономастики // Вопросы