APPLICATION OF MARIA MONTESSORI’S METHOD IN PREPARING CHILDREN FOR SCHOOL

Аннотация

The uniqueness ofchild-oriented education, theadvantages ofthe Montessori methodare highlighted. Analyzes ofthe organizationof educational content and methods inthe environment where theprocesses oftheformation of thechild's personality and hisrecognition as an independent person takeplace are presented. Kalitso’zlar: “Rivojlanish”,“Erkinlik”,“Mustaqillik”,“Ijod”,“O‘ziga xoslik” shaxsga yo‘naltirilgan ta’limning tayanch iboralari hisoblanadi. Ключевые слова: “Развитие”,“Свобода”,“Независимость”,“Творчество”,“Свое образие”основные фразыличностно-ориентированногообразования. Key words:“Development”,“Freedom”,“Independence”,“Creativity”,“Identity”are key phrases of person-oriented education. TheUniqueness ofChild-Centered Education Thedistinctivefeature ofchild-centered education is that achild develops not according to someone’s wishes or orders, but based ontheirown capabilities, potential, nature, and abilities. Oneapproach to child-centered education is theMontessori method. Thecontent andmethods of education are organized inan environment where thechild’s personality develops, allowing them torecognizethemselves as independent individuals. If this process isboth child-centered and humanistic,then thepedagogical activity reaches thelevel oftrue human development. MariaMontessori and Her Educational Philosophy 197 MariaMontessori was an Italian educator and doctor. Shestudiedmedicine at theUniversity of Romeand, despitefacing gender discrimination, successfully completed hereducation. Shewas thefirst woman in Italy to earn adoctorate in medicine. Originalarticle ISSN:3030-3931, Impact factor: 7,241 Volume 6,issue1,Fevral 2025 https://worldlyjournals.com/index.php/Yangiizlanuvchi worldly knowledge OAKIndex bazalari : research gate, research bib. Qo’shimchaindex bazalari:zenodo,open aire. googlescholar. After graduation, Montessori studied children withintellectual disabilities andextensively researched education. In 1912,shepublished her main work, TheMontessori Method in the Children’s House,describing her experiences and research. Shelater focused ontraining teachers to work withchildren withintellectual disabilities. Her school gained recognition for its compassionateand attentiveapproach to children. Key Principles oftheMontessori Method •TheMontessori method is basedonobserving children and emphasizes self-education. •AccordingtoMontessori, parents should accept theirchildren as they are. •Themethod is summarized bythephrase: “Help medoit myself.”Montessori believed thata child does not need punishment orrewards to learn effectively. Instead, aproper environment should becreated, andthechild should not behelped unless they ask forit. TheChildas TheirOwn Teacher Whena child enters kindergarten, theyoften observe the toys ontheshelf fora while. Usually, a teachersuggests atoyfor them toplay with.However, according to Montessori, achild should beleft alone untiltheychoose atoythemselves. No oneshould act onbehalf ofthechild. Independence iskey. Although some parents may struggle to allowtheirchild toexperimenton theirown, Montessori emphasized that achild learns best through personal experience. This self- directed learning buildsboth independence and self-confidence. Thefirst six years ofachild’slife are crucial for theirdevelopment. The Montessori method provides an alternativeeducational system for children from 8monthsto 12years old,with the followingcharacteristics: 1.Astrong philosophical foundation. 2.Amethod that follows philosophical and psychological principles. 3.Theabsenceof atraditional classroom system. Philosophical, Psychological, andPedagogical Principles Philosophical Principle-Montessori believed that children are fundamentally different from adults.Their way of thinkingis unique, which she called “theabsorbent mind.” PsychologicalPrinciple-Education shouldbe individualized. Montessori identified Sensitive periods—stages ina child’s development where they naturally acquire certain skills. During thesestages, external influence from adults isminimal. Mainsensitiveperiods: •Speech development:0–6years •Ordersensitivity:0–3years 198 •Sensorialdevelopment: 0–5.5years •Perception ofsmallobjects: 1–4years Originalarticle ISSN:3030-3931, Impact factor: 7,241 Volume 6,issue1,Fevral 2025 https://worldlyjournals.com/index.php/Yangiizlanuvchi worldly knowledge OAKIndex bazalari : research gate, research bib. Qo’shimchaindex bazalari:zenodo,open aire. googlescholar. •Socialskills development: 2.5–6years Pedagogical Principle- Montessori teachers first demonstrate howto useMontessori materials, then allowchildren towork independently. The teacher acts as aguide rather than a traditional instructor. CoreComponentsof Montessori Education Montessoris approach consists ofthree main components: 1.TheChild 2.TheEnvironment 3.TheTeacher Education is child-centered, and theenvironment iscarefully designed to support independent learning. Montessori emphasized that ateacher’srole isnot to instruct but to guid