THE INFLUENCE OF MATERNAL AGE ON PERINATAL OUTCOMES IN ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES: A REVIEW OF CURRENT DATA

Аннотация

Modern reproductive trends are characterized by a significant shift in the age of first-time mothers in developed countries. According to the World Health Organization (WHO, 2023), the average age of primiparous women in Europe and North America increased from 24–26 years in the 1980s to 30–32 years by the 2020s. This is due to socio-economic factors such as increased educational levels, career ambitions, changing family models, and access to contraception. However, the biological limitations of female fertility remain unchanged: after 35 years, ovarian reserve declines exponentially, and the risk of chromosomal abnormalities in embryos reaches 50–80% by age 40 [Cimadomo et al., 2022, p. 104]. Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) have become a tool to overcome age- related barriers. According to ESHRE reports (2022), the proportion of women over 40 among IVF patients increased from 12% in 2000 to 28% in 2020 [ESHRE, 2022, p. 85]. However, a successful pregnancy does not guarantee favorable perinatal outcomes. Maternal age is associated with increased risks of gestational complications (preeclampsia, diabetes), preterm birth, and congenital anomalies, raising concerns about the safety of ART for this group of patients [Sacchi et al., 2019, p. 315]. At the same time, the impact of maternal age on offspring health remains a subject of debate. On one hand, technologies such as preimplantation genetic testing (PGT-A) and cryopreservation minimize the risks of chromosomal pathologies. On the other hand, epidemiological studies indicate a persistent link between advanced maternal age and long-term cardiometabolic disorders in children, even with the use of donor oocytes [Chen et al., 2020, p. 415]. The aim of this article is to systematize data on the mechanisms by which maternal age affects perinatal outcomes in ART, assess the effectiveness of current risk-reduction strategies, and identify priority areas for further research. The relevance of the work is emphasized by the need to balance women's reproductive rights with ensuring the safety of offspring in the context of the global trend of "delayed motherhood." Keywords: maternal age, perinatal outcomes, assisted reproductive technologies, IVF, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, PGT-A, multiple pregnancy, long-term consequences, cryopreservation, donor oocytes. 325 International scientific journal “Interpretation and researches” Volume 1 issue 1 (47) | ISSN: 2181-4163 | Impact Factor: 8.2 ВЛИЯНИЕ ВОЗОАСТА МАТЕРИ НА ПЕРИНАТАЛЬНЫЕ ИСХОДЫ ПРИ ПРИМЕНЕНИИ ВРТ: ОБЗОР СОВРЕМЕННЫХ ДАННЫХ Топволдиева Мохитабон Равшанжон кизи Ферганский медицинский институт общественного здоровья магистрантка 3-курса