TASHBIH BADIIY SAN’ATINING O‘ZBEK VA INGLIZ TILLARIDA QIYOSIY TAHLILI: ALISHER NAVOIY G‘AZALLARI TARJIMASI MISOLIDA

Аннотация

Ushbu maqolada tashbih badiiy san'atining o‘zbek mumtoz adabiyotida o‘rganilishi, uning turlari va qo‘llanilishi ingliz adabiyot nazariyasidagi “simile” va “metaphor” badiiy san’atlari bilan qiyoslangan holda o‘rganilgan. Tashbihning tarkibiy qismlariga ko‘ra turlarini taqqaoslash maqsadida Alisher Navoiy g‘azallaridan baytlar ularning yetakchi tarjimonlar tomonidan qilingan ingliz tilidagi tarjimalari bilan chog‘ishtirib tahlilga tortilgan. Tarjimada badiiy san' atlarni saqlagan holda tarjima qilishda kerakli tavsiyalar keltirilgan. Kalit so‘zlar: tashbih, mushabbih, mushabbihun bih, vajhi shabah, vositai tashbih, tashbihi mufassal, tashbihi mujmal, tashbihi muyaqqad, badiiy san’atlar, simile, metafora, g‘azal, qiyosiy tahlil. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LITERARY DEVICE “TASHBIH” IN UZBEK AND ENGLISH: IN THE EXAMPLES OF TRANSLATIONS OF ALISHER NAVOI’S GHAZALS Tashkhanova Muborak Sur’at qizi TSUULL, 1st year master’s degree student of “Comparative linguistics, linguistic translation studies: English” Annotation: This article explores the study of the literary device tashbih in Uzbek classical literature, analyzing its types and applications in comparison with the literary devices, “simile” and “metaphor”, in English literary theory. To compare the types of tashbih based on their structural components, verses from Alisher Navoi’s ghazals and their English translations by leading translators have been analyzed comparatively. The article also provides recommendations on preserving stylistic devices in translation maintaining the original literary essence. Key words: tashbih, mushabbih, mushabbihun bih, vajhi shabah, vositai tashbih, tashbihi mufassal, tashbihi mujmal, tashbihi muyaqqad, simile, metaphor, ghazal, comparative analysis. 295 International scientific journal “Interpretation and researches” Volume 1 issue 1 (47) | ISSN: 2181-4163 | Impact Factor: 8.2 Badiiy san’at she’riyat olamini bezab turgan chamanzor kabidir, alvon gullarning jilvasidan ko‘zingiz zavqlanib, hididan bahri dilingiz qanday yayrasa, she’rda mahorat bilan qo‘llanilgan san’atlardan ham shunday estetik zavq olasiz. Tashbih (yoki tashbeh) esa mana shunday badiiy san’atlar orasida o‘ziga xos xususiyati bilan ajralib turadi. O‘zbek mumtoz adabiyotida adabiyot nazariyasiga oid ilk mukammal asar Shayx Ahmad Taroziyning “Funun ul-balog‘a” risolasi bo‘lsa, badiiy san’atlarning to‘liq ta’rifi Atoulloh Husayniynig “Badoye-us-sanoye” asarida o‘z ifodasini topgan73. Aynan Taroziyning risolasida tashbehning 7 navi (xili) sanab o‘tilgan va uni ma’naviy san’atlar sirasiga kiritgan. Tashbih “biror predmet yoki hodisaning xususiyatini shu xususiyati bor boshqa narsa yoki hodisa orqali tasvirlashga asoslanadi”74. Ingliz adabiyotida tashbih “simile” san’atiga to‘g‘ri keladi. Unga Cambridge Dictionaryda shunday ta’rif beriladi: an expression comparing one thing with another, always including the words "as" or "like" – har doim bir narsani boshqa biror narsa bilan “kabi” yoki “-dek” vositalari orqali qiyoslash usuli75. Jahon adabiyotida adabiyot nazariyasi haqida dastlabki asar Aristotel (“Ritorika”) tomonidan yozilgan va uning ta’kidlashicha, “Similes are useful in prose as well as in verse; but not often, since they are of the nature of poetry”76 (o‘zbekcha tarjimasi: similelar (o‘xshatish) nasrda ham nazmda ham foydali, lekin har doim ham emas, chunki ular ko‘proq she’riy xususiyatga ega)77. Anvar Hojiahmedovning ta’rificha: “Tashbih san’ati tasvirlanayotgan shaxs, buyum yoki tushunchani o‘quvchi ko‘z o‘ngida aniqroq, jozibaliroq gavdalantirishga xizmat qilib, asar timsollari ma’naviy qiyofasini yorqinroq ochish, binobarin, shoir g‘oyasini o‘quvchi ongiga to‘laroq yetkazishga imkon beradi”78. Ingliz tilida ham “simile” tadqiqotchilar tomonidan o‘rganilganda uning turli sohalarda turli vazifa bajarishini ta’kidlab o‘tishgan va aynan adabiyotdagi o‘rniga shunday izoh berilgan: “In literary texts - be it fiction, poetry or drama - similes fulfil an aesthetic function, and are usually creative, a way of talking about something in a surprising way”79 (tarjimasi: o‘xshatishlar badiiy matnlarda, xoh u badiiy asar bo‘lsin, xoh she’r yoki drama bo‘lsin, ularning estetik xususiyatini oshiradi, odatda ular ijodiy bo‘lib, biror narsa haqida hayratlanarli tarzda ma’lumot berish usuli hisoblanadi80) 73 G. Nurullayeva, “‘Funun Ul-Balog’a’ Asarida Badiiy San‟atlar” (2014). 74 Shuhrat Sirojiddinov, Dilnavoz Yusupova, and Olimjon Davlatov, Navoiyshunoslik, Tamaddun” Nashriyoti, 2018. 472 b. 75 Tarjima bizniki. 76 Aristotle, “Rhetoric,” n.d., http://bocc.ufp.pt/pag/Aristotle-rhetoric.pdf. p.145 77 Tarjima bizniki. 78 Anvar Hojiahmedov, “Mumtoz Badiiyat Lug’ati,” Yangi Asr Avlodi, 2008. 140-141-b. 79 Patrizia Pierini, “Simile in English: From Description to Translation,” CÍRCULO de Lingüística Aplicada a La Comunicación, no. 29 (2007): 2. p.25 80 Tarjima bizniki. 296 International scientific journal “Interpretation and researches” Volume 1 issue 1 (47) | ISSN: 2181-4163 | Imp