Clinical and microbiological features of pathology of the nose and paranasal sinuses in patients with community-acquired pneumonia

Аннотация

This article presents the results of a community-acquired pneumonia. The American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research, 7(02), 48–51. comprehensive otolaryngological and microbiological https://doi.org/10.37547/tajmspr/Volume07Issue02-07 study of diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. These diseases are closely interconnected, since the upper and lower respiratory tract are a single whole, have COPYRIGHT © 2025 Original content from this work may be used under the terms structures and functions and mechanisms for the of the creative commons attributes 4.0 License. development of pathological conditions. The etiopathogenesis of bacterial inflammatory diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract is based on the disruption of the integrity of epithelial cells under the influence of respiratory viruses. Under the influence of the general toxic effect of the virus, phagocytosis is inhibited, immunological protection is disrupted, resulting in favorable conditions for microbial colonization in the nasopharynx and further spread of infections to the paranasal sinuses and lower respiratory tract. As a result of the clinical and microbiological study, it was revealed that inflammatory diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses such as acute and chronic rhinosinusitis, allergic and vasomotor rhinitis, and deviated nasal septum were often encountered in community-acquired pneumonia. To determine the nature of the microbial landscape of the upper and lower respiratory tract, a comparative microbiological analysis of the nose and sputum was carried out. The analyzes showed that no significant difference in pathogenic microflora was detected between the upper and lower respiratory tract. The main pathogen in both diseases was Streptococcus pneumoniae. The correspondence of the pathogenic microflora of the nasal cavity and lower respiratory tract when detecting rhinosinusitis in patients with The American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research 48 https://www.theamericanjournals.com/index.php/tajmspr The American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research community-acquired pneumonia confirms the It is believed that with almost any ARVI, the paranasal pathogenetic relationship of inflammatory processes sinuses are involved in the process to one degree or in these organs, as well as the need for parallel another [10,12]. Acute rhinosinusitis is caused by diagnostics, treatment, and prevention. viruses in 95% of cases; a bacterial process develops 5-7 days after the onset of ARVI [6,7]. Under the influence of the virus on the ciliated epithelium of the nasal cavity Keywords: Upper and lower respiratory tract, and paranasal sinuses, the epithelial cells lose cilia, the rhinosinusitis, community-acquired pneumonia, epithelium becomes loose, and mucosal edema microbiological analysis, Streptococcus pneumoniae. develops. As a result of these processes, as well as the active release of proinflammatory mediators, an Introduction: The results of medical statistics inflammatory reaction develops. The consequence of convincingly indicate an increase in the number of this is a violation of sinus aeration, inactivation of diseases of the nose, paranasal sinuses (PNS) [1,2] and mucociliary clearance, and accumulation of serous bronchopulmonary pathology [3]. Close anatomical exudate in the lumen of the sinuses. A decrease in the and physiological connections between the upper and rate of mucociliary transport allows for an extension of lower respiratory tract are the reason that the increase the contact time of pathogenic bacteria with the in the number of rhinosinusitis keeps pace with the mucous membrane and promotes bacterial infection increase in the number of pulmonary diseases [4] and, [8,12,13]. in particular, community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). METHODS The incidence of pneumonia in Europe and North A total of 80 patients with community-acquired America is 5-10 cases per 1,000 population. Mortality pneumonia who were hospitalized in the pulmonology from severe pneumonia reaches 10% and continues to department of the multidisciplinary clinic of the grow [3; 5]. Most often, pneumonia occurs in children, Tashkent Medical Academy were examined. Among the the elderly and in chronic diseases of the respiratory examined were 32 men and 48 women aged 18 to 65 system. Acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) are years (the average age in the group was 45.6 ± 8.75 undoubtedly the main risk factor for community- years). All patients had their complaints and history of acquired pneumonia, acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) and the disease studied in detail, and their general condition chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). They develop at any stage was examined. of the disease if bacterial flora (streptococci, The research methods used included endoscopic staphylococci, etc.) joins in. It is known that some examination of the ENT organs, with all formati