CHRONIC POLYPOUS RHINOSINUSITIS AND MODERN TREATMENT OF POLYPS IN THE NOSE

Аннотация

This thesis discusses the chronic and progressive disease of the nasal and paranasal sinuses, inflammation of the mucous membrane. It provides information on the causes and forms of chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps, damage to the nasal mucosa, measures and effective methods of treating the disease based on the analysis. Key words: sinus, paranasal, chronic disease, polyposis, progressive, cyst, forms of treatment, intensive. Annotatsiya. Ushbu tezisda burun va paranazal sinuslar qavatining surunkali va progressiv kasalligi, shilliq qavatning yallig’lanishi to’g’risida fikr yuritilgan. Unda surunkali polipli rinosinusitning kelib chiqish sababi va shakllari, burun shilliq qavatining shikastlanishi, kasallikni davolash choralari va samarali usullari to’g’risida tahlillar asosida ma’lumotlar berilgan. Kalit so’zlar: sinus, paranazal, surunkali kasallik, polipoz, progressive, kista, davolash shakllari, intensiv. Аннотация. В диссертации рассматриваются хронические и прогрессирующие заболевания носа и околоносовых пазух, воспаления слизистой оболочки. В нем представлена информация, основанная на анализе причин и форм хронического риносинусита с полипами, поражениями слизистой оболочки носа, а также мерами и эффективными методами лечения этого заболевания. Ключевые слова: пазуха, околоносовые пазухи, хроническое заболевание, полипоз, прогрессирующий, киста, методы лечения, интенсивный. A chronic (long-term and progressive) disease of the mucous membrane of the nose and paranasal sinuses, which is based on inflammation of the mucous membrane, manifested by the formation of polyps in the nose - peculiar growths of the inflamed mucous membrane. It is rare in children and adolescents. Basically, the disease develops in the age group over 30 years, with a predominance in the age group from 50 to 60 years. Polyposis is more common in men. Chronic polypous rhinosinusitis is a multi-causal disease. Local forms are distinguished: solitary (single) polyps in the nose, antrochoanal polyps (arising from cysts of the paranasal sinuses), polyposis of a single paranasal sinus (for example, polypous maxillary sinusitis, etc.) and diffuse forms characterized by damage to the mucous membrane of all paranasal sinuses. Local forms of polyposis develop due to anatomical abnormalities of the nasal structure, leading 43 to impaired nasal breathing (deviation of the nasal septum, abnormalities of the ostiomeatal complex (anatomical formations of the middle nasal passage), etc.). In this case, an air stream with microorganisms and various particles, hitting a certain area of the mucous membrane, causes its local irritation, and edema occurs. If edema develops in places of natural outlet openings of the paranasal sinuses, self-cleaning processes are disrupted in them, favorable conditions for the reproduction of microorganisms appear, which is manifested by inflammation. Single polyps can occur in the presence of certain pathological conditions in the paranasal sinuses themselves. For example, additional openings in the maxillary sinuses, cysts. This is how antrochoanal polyps arise, growing from a cyst of the paranasal sinus and spreading towards the exit from the cavity. An independent mechanism for the formation of polyps is chronic purulent inflammation of the mucous membrane of the paranasal sinus. In this case, polyposis is a secondary process in the affected sinus. For example, chronic odontogenic sinusitis, due to the spread of inflammation from the affected tooth to the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus, in most cases manifests itself in the formation of polyps. Diffuse forms of polypous rhinosinusitis are a systemic pathology associated with changes in the immune system and the general reactivity of the body. The development of the diffuse process can be facilitated by fungal infection of the mucous membrane of the sinuses, allergies, recurrent viral infections, etc. It develops gradually. Often this occurs against the background of frequent acute respiratory infections, recurring sinusitis (inflammation of the paranasal sinuses). Difficulty in nasal breathing occurs, sometimes on one side, which forces patients to resort to the use of vasoconstrictor drops, which are ineffective. Nasal congestion increases, the sense of smell decreases, and scanty nasal discharge appears. Currently, the "gold standard" in diagnosing this pathology is an endoscopic examination of the nasal cavity and computed tomography of the paranasal sinuses. There is surgical and conservative treatment. In local forms of the polypous process, surgical treatment comes to the fore. Modern methods of such treatment of this pathology are functional endoscopic surgical interventions. Under the control of optical systems, only the mucous membrane changed by polyps is completely removed, while the anatomical prerequisites for the occurrence and recurrence of the disease are eliminated (correction of the nasal septum, expansion of natural anastomoses of the p