MASTITIS IN WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE, CLINICAL SYMPTOMS, TREATMENT AND PREVENTION

Аннотация

Mastitis is an inflammation of the breast that swells and often appears during lactation, but it can develop in other periods as well. Mastitis can occur in girls, newborns and men. It develops due to infection of the mammary glands with bacteria. In this case, the breast enlarges, swells, starts to hurt, becomes sensitive, the skin turns red, and the body temperature rises. Among nursing mothers, the incidence of mastitis varies from 1% to 16% depending on the region. On average, this indicator corresponds to 5% of breastfeeding women, and measures aimed at reducing the disease in recent years remain ineffective. The majority of women with mastitis (85%) are those who have given birth for the first time (or are breastfeeding for the first time). The reason for this is that milk is retained in the glands due to lack of milking skills. Women over 30 years old, who have not breastfed for the first time, suffer from mastitis due to a decrease in the body's immune system or accompanying chronic diseases. In such cases, symptoms of mastitis are accompanied by clinical symptoms of the main disease. Key words: mastitis, lactation, furunculosis, sepsis, traumatic injury, staphylococcal infection, lactostasis, mammary gland. МАСТИТ У ЖЕНЩИН РЕПРОДУКТИВНОГО ВОЗРАСТА, КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ СИМПТОМЫ, ЛЕЧЕНИЕ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКА. Цель: Меры, направленные на лечение и профилактику мастита. МАСТИТ. Аннотация. Мастит — воспаление молочной железы, которое опухает и чаще всего возникает в период лактации, но может развиваться и в другие периоды. Мастит может возникнуть у девочек, новорожденных и мужчин. Он развивается вследствие инфицирования молочных желез бактериями. При этом грудь увеличивается, опухает, начинает болеть, становится чувствительной, кожа краснеет, повышается температура тела. Среди кормящих матерей заболеваемость маститом колеблется от 1% до 16% в зависимости от региона. В среднем этот показатель соответствует 5% кормящих грудью женщин, а меры, направленные на снижение заболеваемости в последние годы остаются неэффективными. Большинство женщин с маститом (85%) — это те, кто рожал впервые (или впервые кормит грудью). Причиной этого является 1153 ResearchBib IF - 11.01, ISSN: 3030-3753, Volume 2 Issue 2 задержка молока в железах из-за отсутствия навыков доения. Женщины старше 30 лет, не впервые кормящие грудью, страдают маститом из-за снижения иммунитета организма или сопутствующих хронических заболеваний. В таких случаях симптомы мастита сопровождаются клиническими симптомами основного заболевания. Ключевые слова: мастит, лактация, фурункулез, сепсис, травматическое повреждение, стафилококковая инфекция, лактостаз, молочная железа. CAUSES OF MASTITIS: Mastitis is often caused by a staphylococcal infection. But if there is bacterial flora in the body (respiratory system, oral cavity, urinary tract, genital infections), mastitis can also be caused by them. Entry of pathogenic microorganisms through cracks in the mammary nipples; Post-operative suppuration of sutures; Complication of furunculosis; Traumatic injuries. Precipitating factors include lactation, low immunity and extreme cold. During lactation, improper nutrition and insufficient milking caused milk to remain in the chest. Breast milk and colostrum are a favorable environment for the growth of microorganisms that cause purulent inflammation. In lactating women, mastitis often affects both mammary glands. CLASSIFICATION OF MASTITIS: Mastitis is distinguished by the nature of the existing inflammation: serous, infiltrative, purulent, abscessed, gangrenous and phlegmonous mastitis. Serous, infiltrative and purulent mastitis represent successive stages of the inflammatory process, and it continues from the swelling of the serous inflammatory area to the formation of an infiltrate and the beginning of the purulent process. In abscess mastitis, the purulent focus is localized and limited, while phlegmonous mastitis is characterized by the spread of purulent inflammation throughout the glandular tissue. When the disease lasts for a long time or when the body's protective ability decreases, the inflamed tissue of the gland undergoes necrosis (gangrenous mastitis). Clinical types of mastitis are also distinguished: the most common are acute postpartum mastitis, plasma cell mastitis and mastitis of newborns. SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS OF MASTITIS: Painful lumps in the mammary gland; Redness of the skin over the affected areas; High temperature 1154 ResearchBib IF - 11.01, ISSN: 3030-3753, Volume 2 Issue 2 In progress: The breast becomes hot; Pain becomes constant and "radiating"; The pain increases when breastfeeding. High body temperature Redness of the skin of the affected area. DIAGNOSIS OF MASTITIS: The focus of inflammation in the mammary gland is determined by palpation. Also, enlargement of the axillary lymph nodes on the side of the damaged breast (sometimes pain is felt during palpation) is noted. - During the ultrasound examination of the mammary gland, a typical picture o