Английские, немецкие и узбекские пословицы в их лингвокультурологических аспектах

Аннотация

Ключевые слова: В статье приведены результаты лингвокультуроло- пословицы, гического анализа английских, немецких и узбекских паремиология, пословиц в ходе которого выявлены различия лингвокультурология, межъязыковой культуры. фразеологическая единица, практичность, анализы. 1 EAP Teacher, Uzbekistan State University of World Languages. Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika – Зарубежная лингвистика и лингводидактика – Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics Special Issue – 5 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701 The present article investigates the etymological, syntactic, semantic and linguoculturological features of English, German and Uzbek proverbs, clarifying their similarities and differences. Folk proverbs form a unique lexical layer in the system of languages, distinguishing traditions that are characteristic of language society and culture, reflecting national- cultural, mental and social characteristics. The history and etymology of each paremiological unit, taken separately, depends not on the universal schemes of motivation of word combinations, but on the semantic cohesion of the components that make up the paremiological unit and the level of re-meaning expression of the words in the combination. When studying the etymology of paremias, it is necessary to study its history and linguistic and cultural features, to pay attention to the nature of the changes in the semantic structure of its components and the nature of the general meaning of proverbs. In the process of translating English and German proverbs into Uzbek or Uzbek proverbs into English or German and providing alternative versions of proverbs, it is very important to preserve the meaning. That is why working with proverbs requires a deep study of their semantic features and the original meaning of each proverb. Otherwise, an incorrectly analyzed proverb may not convey its original meaning in another language. Most of the English proverbs are similar in English to German and have the same meaning. One of the main reasons for this is that these two languages belong to the same language family, but in order to make the meaning clear when translating from one language to another, it is necessary to know the national characteristics of the studied language and to choose appropriate equivalents in terms of meaning. A large number of English proverbs are proverbs whose translation from English to Uzbek does not correspond to each other, but the meaning is the same. The main reason for this is that these two languages belong to different language families. One of the reasons that causes difficulties in translation is not understanding the meaning of proverbs. Difficulties in translation include not understanding the meaning of proverbs in literal translation and finding the most suitable equivalent. Most of the proverbs in English, German and Uzbek languages that glorify the positive qualities of a person are semantically complementary. Most proverbs about goodness and evil in Uzbek, German and English languages show that good is the greatest good deed, while evil is the most vile and disgusting aspect of humanity. Most of the English and Uzbek folk proverbs express the images of animals, and their main function is to express the positive and negative character of a person. If the Uzbek alternative versions of English and German proverbs with animal images do not use the name of the same animal or do not use the name of the animal at all, this does not affect its general meaning in both languages. The presence of toponyms in the composition of proverbs and their ability to express content is also observed in proverbs in three languages.The classification of lexemes representing national costumes, national dishes, national traditions in proverbs – linguculturalisms in each language scale allows to show the diversity of inter-national culture. In order to understand the essence of certain proverbs in languages, it is necessary to have knowledge about the history of the people and the experiences of the past. In the literature used as the main source, the versions of some proverbs do not exactly correspond to each other. Therefore, by studying the semantic aspects of proverbs in depth and analyzing them, we can correctly choose equivalents in English, German and Uzbek languages. 370 Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika – Зарубежная лингвистика и лингводидактика – Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics Special Issue – 5 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701 One of the main phraseological units which are included in Phraseology by Koonin A.V. as phraseological units are proverbs and sayings. 'A proverb', as Arnold defines in her book "The English Word", 'is a short familiar epigrammatic saying expressing popular wisdom, a truth or a moral lesson concisely and imaginatively [Arnold I.V. "The English word" «Высшая школа» 1973 p.161]. They have much in common with set expressions because their lexical components are also constant, their meaning is traditional and mostly fi