Генезис и формирование терминологического аппарата криминалистики

Аннотация

Ключевые слова: Статья посвящена исследованию формирования и криминалистика, эволюции терминологического аппарата криминологии. термины, Поскольку развитие понятийно-терминологического терминологический аппарата является одним из ключевых показателей, аппарат, терминология, определяющих современный уровень науки, данная тема криминалистическое представляется чрезвычайно актуальной. терминоведение, уголовно-правовые науки. Language as a means of interaction between subjects and a tool for the accumulation and transmission of information appeared much earlier than the beginning of the period of formation of the scientific field of knowledge. It happened more than 600 thousand years ago. Since then, being in constant development, he embodied many aspects of human existence and consciousness, therefore, questions about his meaning and essence affect global philosophical problems of cognition. A peculiar tool for the acquisition, storage, reproduction and transmission of special information are terms that together form a special system of linguistic expression of special concepts (terminology). The importance and relevance of problematic aspects of the terminological apparatus of criminology is emphasized by the increased attention of scientists to this issue. For example, publications by T.V. Averyanova, O.Ya. Baev, A.R. Belkin, R.S. Belkin, A.I. Vinberg, T.S. Volchetskaya, A.Yu. Golovin, E.A. Zaitseva, A.M. Zinin, N.P. Mailis, E.R. Rossinskaya, A.A. were devoted to certain problems in this area. Eisman, N.P. Yablokov and other scientists. The word criminology originated in 1890. The general meaning of the term is the scientific study of crime as a social phenomenon, of criminals and of penal institutions. Prof. Kenny described that Criminology is a branch of criminal science which deals with crime causation, analysis and prevention of crime‖. Criminology as a branch of knowledge is concerned with those particular conducts of human behavior which are prohibited by society. It is, therefore, a socio-legal study which seeks to discover the causes of criminality and suggests the remedies to reduce crimes. Therefore, it flows that criminology and criminal policy are interdependent and mutually support one another. Thus, criminology seeks to study the phenomenon of criminality in its entirety. Currently, in the scientific community, the position that criminology, having its own subject and object of research, is an independent field of knowledge, occupies a dominant position, but, on the other hand, we cannot dispute the fact that it was developed on the basis of and under the direct influence and influence of other various sciences of criminal law the cycle, in particular, of criminal law, criminal procedure law, etc. It follows quite logically from this that the formation and development of forensic terminology. It is directly related to the terminological apparatus of these basic sciences of the criminal law block. Therefore, the existing terminological contradictions and a number of unresolved controversial issues in the system of terminological apparatus, for example, criminal or criminal procedure law, cause certain difficulties in the terminological system of criminology. 516 Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika – Зарубежная лингвистика и лингводидактика – Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics Special Issue – 5 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701 So, at the beginning of the XX century (1926–1929), some scientists argued that the search for a criminal, the pursuit and detention of him, as well as the search for objects obtained by criminal means, refers exclusively to the problems of criminal (criminalistic) tactics. In this regard, I.N. Yakimov believed that "investigative art should be classified among the most difficult arts, since its object is not dead material ... but a person. In this respect, it is closer to the art of war, since both deal with a living person and rely on the psychology of both an individual and the masses" [6,43]. It was only in 1949 that A.I. Vinberg and B.M. Shaver for the first time attempted to leave criminology only to solve issues related to the search for a known criminal and stolen valuables [4,162, 215]. In the same year, N.V. Terziev introduced the concept of "search for missing persons" [2,182-184]. As E.A. Pryanishnikov rightly noted, "in accordance with the laws of dialectical materialism, the most important property is unity: the phenomenon of reality – the concept – the term"[3,114]. Note that, in our opinion, the modern Russian literary language has such a feature from the point of view of the conceptual apparatus of criminology that one word (phrase) has several meanings, that is, most words are polysemantic, whereas the term should accurately denote one or another concept in science. However, this does not affect the formulation of definitions of concepts at all. "Ambiguity, uncertainty of explanations and, as a result, the reader's misunderstanding of the formulated. For sc