Компаративные фразеологизмы, демонстрирующие интеллект в узбекском языке

Аннотация

Ключевые слова: Данная статья посвящена анализу компаративных интеллект, фразеологизмов, характеризующих интеллект человека в компаративные 1 1PhD in Philological Sciences, Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages. E-mail: sanobar-abdullaeva@mail.ru Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika – Зарубежная лингвистика и лингводидактика – Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics Special Issue – 3 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701 фразеологизмы, узбекском языке, который является одним из показателей, социальное положение, отражающих социальное положение индивида в обществе. коллокация, Большинство выражений иллюстрируют низкие, негативный. осуждаемые в обществе интеллектуальные особенности. Cognition of the world around us is a multifaceted process. Comparison of a person, his actions, activities, and character with various objects plays an important role in the language. Comparison is one of the most common means that is used in artistic, scientific, journalistic, and everyday speech. According to A.I. Efimov, thanks to the comparison, what is described is, as it were, concretized, and becomes more obvious and expressive [3, 236]. Yu. Stepanov classifies comparisons into individual and generally accepted, stable ones. Individual comparisons have the peculiarity of characterizing an object from a variety of points of view, but in most cases to depict its unique appearance [1, 154]. Comparative phraseological units are the most common way of expressing comparison. In our opinion, the comparison of intelligence with various objects of the environment in the Uzbek language arouses extreme interest. Comparative expressions are phrases that compare a person, and his actions with something, for example, with an animal, with a plant, with a material, with a process, etc. Intelligence is an important indicator of a person's social position in society. The Big Russian Encyclopedia provides the following definition: «intelligence» is a general cognitive ability, that manifests itself in how a person perceives, understands, explains, and predicts what is happening, what decisions he makes, and how effectively he acts (primarily in new difficult or unusual situations). In psychological science, intelligence is considered as a relationship of abilities to understand and resolve a situation that affects the positive result of a particular activity and underlies other skills. In cultural-historical psychology, intelligence is considered a result of socialization and a product of culture, formed under the influence of such factors as the use of tools (from counting sticks to a computer), mastery of signs (assimilation of the native language, a variety of symbolic means), inclusion in social interactions [6, 87]. The development of intellect is connected with the growth of the generalization of the word meanings, gradually acquiring the form of concepts. From the point of view of American psychologists R. Glazer and J. Campion intelligence is related to the peculiarities of the organization of the «knowledge base». People with a well-organized system of declarative knowledge (knowledge of what) and procedural knowledge (knowledge of how) remember information better and solve problems more effectively, have a higher level of intellectual achievement in professional activities. The volume, diversity, and articulation of «the knowledge base» characterizes such a human quality as competence, which is considered a criterion for the development of intelligence [8,37]. Comparatives in the Uzbek language is determined with the help of affixes -day, -dek, and also through the conjunctions kabi, huddi, singari. Comparative collocations capture both positive and negative personality traits. A large number of expressions compare the intelligence of a person with the intelligence of an animal. Domestic and wild animals are involved in the formation of the mentioned combinations. Domestic animals such as calf, cattle, pig, and donkey personify stupidity, ingenuity, slow-wittedness. For example, the expressions ammamning buzog‘iday 123 Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika – Зарубежная лингвистика и лингводидактика – Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics Special Issue – 3 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701 baqraymoq – stare like aunt's calf, ammamning buzog‘iga o‘xshamoq – look like an aunt's calf, demonstrate a stupid bungler who does not know how to determine the benefits and harms, a person sitting idle, and a person with a meaningless look. Comparatives molday befahm - stupid like cattle, molga o‘xshamok - to be like cattle imply a stupid, slow-witted, as well as a careless, negligent person. To‘ng‘izday bo‘lmoq, translated to be like a pig, personifies a rude, slow-witted person. Comparative combinations eshakday befahm - stupid like a donkey, eshak kabi qaysar - stubborn like a donkey, eshak singari tiramoq - propped up like a donkey imply a stubborn, slow-witted person [5,45]. Wild animal «bear» reflects stupidity: ayiqday befahm (lit. stupid like a be