Структурные особенности сложных существительных в каракалпакском, английском и немецком языках

Аннотация

Калит сўзлар: Ушбу мақолада қоракалпоқ, инглиз ва немис қўшма отлар, тилларидаги қўшма отларнинг тузилиш хусусиятлари композиция, хақида сўз боради. Тадқиқот уч тилдаги қўшма отларнинг бевосита компонентлар тузилишидаги ўхшашлик ва фарқларни типологик тахлил (БК), сўз ясалиши, орқали аниқлашга қаратилган. сўз ясалиш усуллари, богловчи элемент. 1 Master’s student, Uzbek State World Languages University. Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika – Зарубежная лингвистика и лингводидактика – Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics Special Issue – 1 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701 Структурные особенности сложных существительных в каракалпакском, английском и немецком языках АННОТАЦИЯ Ключевые слова: В статье проведен анализ структурных особенностей сложные сложных существительных в каракалпакском, английском существительные, и немецком языках. Исследование целенаправленно на сложение, выявление типологических сходств и различий в структуре непосредственные составляющие (НС), сложных существительных этих языков. словообразование, способы словообразования, связующий элемент. Nowadays the comparative study of closely related languages and unrelated languages is of greater importance than ever, as such a method of analysis assists in identifying more characteristic features of the studied languages. There is a great demand for that because typological analysis of languages is crucial not only for theoretical purposes but also is necessary in practical ways. Namely, the comparative analysis of the languages plays an important role in teaching, translation issues, and lexicography, i.e. creating English-Karakalpak-German and Karakalpak-English-German dictionaries. Moreover, the vocabulary of each language always changes, and new concepts and terms come into the language because of the development of different spheres of human activity. Consequently, words related to new terms are formed in two ways: 1) from the existing words is formed one linguistic unit with a new lexical meaning; 2) new words come into from other languages (borrowings). The first way of the word formation (compounding) of the above-mentioned is the most productive and actual in many world languages. Accordingly, the comparative analysis of compound words in Karakalpak, English, and German languages (languages that are not close cognates from a genealogical point of view) has a practical and theoretical value. Central concepts of typological analysis of languages are compound, (Zusammensteszung, Kompositum) qospa so’z, immediate constituent IC (unmittelabare Konsituente UK), word building models (Wortbildungsmodelle) so’z jasaw u’lgileri. It is well-known that complex nouns are formed by the method of compounding. That’s why it is crucial to consider word composition in the languages investigated. In Karakalpak language, the term “compound word” is understood as a derivative word, that consists of at least two stems structured in a specific order and together give one lexical meaning. The basic peculiarity of them is that the components of compounds can be neither restructured, nor be separated from each other, as they may not have any meaning in that case. The compound tu’ye-tawiq, bala-shag’a cannot be changed into tawiq-tu’ye, shag’a-bala. (1, 13) Compounding is the most productive type of word formation in modern Karakalpak, English, and German languages, and compounds can be found in almost all parts of speech. R.S. Ginzburg provides the following definition for compound words: “Compounds, as has been mentioned elsewhere, are made up of two ICs which are both derivational bases. Compound words are inseparable vocabulary units. They are formally 287 Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika – Зарубежная лингвистика и лингводидактика – Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics Special Issue – 1 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701 and semantically dependent on the constituent bases and the semantic relations between the motivating units.” In English complex nouns, complex adjectives, complex verbs, complex adverbs, and phrases close to them make up more than half of the vocabulary, according to I.V. Arnold. Approximately 58 % of the whole vocabulary makes compound words in English. Compounding is a word formation type that is counted to be widespread in many Indo-European languages. Compound words are an essential part of the vocabulary in German. Word composition (Zusammensetzung) is the formation of new words by joining two or more words, namely immediate constituents (unmittelbare Konstituente UK). By immediate constituents, we can understand the two elements of which the construction is formed. (5, 38) From the above stated it should be pointed out that from the structural point of view, compound words in English and German languages are identical. Compounds in both languages consist of ICs (UK in German) that are two or more bases united into one whole, bearing one lexical meaning, whereas compound words in Karakalpak are usually made up of two stems that are rigidly fi