Теоретическое изучение выражений с использованием компонента-зоонима в современном языкознании

Аннотация

Ключевые слова: Статья посвящёна теоретическому анализу фразеология, фразеологических единиц, включающих в свою структуру зооним, зоонимы. В работе представлены примеры таких выражений. семантика, Актуальность исследования определяется успехами в экстралингвистический. лингвистике в двух ключевых направлениях: изучении фразеологии и анализе зоонимов. В работе рассмотрены научные взгляды на структурно-грамматическую организацию зоонимических фразеологизмов и их функционирование в языке. Также оценивается влияние семантических и экстралингвистических факторов на устойчивость выражений, содержащих зоонимы. Humanity has been closely interconnected with animals since its inception. They served humans as food, clothing, vehicles, and tools that performed heavy work, guard of the hearth, assistance in hunting, and also participated in military events. As a result, there appeared many phrases, proverbs, and sayings related to animals. The world’s leading scientific schools and centers conduct large-scale studies of anthropocentric linguistic units within the framework of cognitive linguistics, linguoculturology, linguistic worldview, and comparative linguistics. In this aspect, special attention is paid to the semantics of phraseological units with a zoonymic component used to describe various human qualities. Language is the highest national value, reflecting the human essence. Phraseology is the richest treasury of the national culture. Each language has its patterns used to describe anthropocentric characteristics. These patterns are related to lifestyle, national mentality, national stereotypes, and the culture of native speakers of a particular language. Recently, linguocultural and pragmatic features of linguistic units, attracting the attention of philologists around the world, have acquired special significance in linguistics. Anthropocentric figurative expressions have attracted researchers since the last century. Thus, Aldiabani Aref Ali Salah compared stable phrases that reflect the intellectual traits of a person in the English and Russian languages and determined similarities according to semantic criteria [Aldiabani Aref Ali Salah, 2003]. English- speaking researchers E. Milburn and T. Warren, having tested phraseological units with animal names, compare the understanding and interpretation of their literal and figurative meanings [Milburn, Warren, 2019]. An interesting study by M.M. Ferzilaeva [Ferzilaeva, 2010]. The researcher studied the structural, grammatical, and semantic properties of phraseological units characterizing the qualities of a person in the English and Lezgin languages. Questions about the ethnocultural specificity of Russian and German zoonymic vocabulary characterizing a person were studied by O.V. Galimova. Zoonyms and linguistic features of zoonymic components have been studied by Uzbek scientists. G.E. Khakimova studied the structural and semantic features of English phraseological units with zoonymic components. Lexemes with the archive “animal” in the Uzbek language are studied in the work of N.R. Nishonova. H.A. Saidova analyzed the 12 Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika – Зарубежная лингвистика и лингводидактика – Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics Issue – 1 № 5 (2023) / ISSN 2181-3701 names of animals which used to describe humans in the Uzbek language. The use of zoonyms in literary texts, based on the works of Alisher Navoi, is considered by B. Zaripov. Linguocultural and pragmatic aspects of the study of language systems, levels, and units are noted in the scientific works of Uzbek linguists: D.U. Ashurova, T.A. Bushuy, N.S. Nasrullaeva, Sh.S. Safarov, G.Kh. Rakhimov and others. Phraseological and paremiological units of the Uzbek language were studied by the following famous linguists, many of whom compiled dictionaries: M. Sadikova, M. Abdurahimov, T. Mirzaev, A. Musokulov, B. Sarimsokov, Kh. Suvonkulova, K. Karamatova and Kh. Karamatov, M. Yarmatova, B. Yuldoshev, K. Bozorboev and others. In the 1960s of the twentieth century, the concept of “zoonym” appeared, replacing the word nickname with the name of proper names of animals. In the Explanatory Dictionary of Foreign Words, the category “zoonym” is understood as” the proper name (nickname) of an animal as an object of linguistic study”. However, there is a different usage in the linguistic literature of the term zoonym. Zoonyms are not only the proper names of animals but also their generic or specific names, i.e. common names. Fasmer’s etymological dictionary offers the following definition of the term “zoonym”: “Zoo" in Latin indicates relations to the animal world. Zoonyms become a kind of personification, symbols of moral and intellectual qualities of a person, that is, “in addition to real values contain something specific or additional vague, not quite known, hidden from us”. Phraseological units (further PU) with a zoonym component make up a significant layer in the phraseological fund of many langua