Комплексный концептуальный анализ концептов "мужественность" и "женственность" в испанском языке

Аннотация

Ключевые слова: Статья посвящена этимологическому, синтагматика, синтагматическому и парадигматическому анализу парадигма, понятий «мужественность» и «женственность» в концепт, испанском языке на примере испанской художественной маскулинность, женственность, литературы. Выявлены 3 типа морфосинтаксической морфосинтаксис, сочетаемости и основные лексико-семантические группы синонимы. исследуемых концептов. Кроме того, в статье представлен синонимичный ряд понятий «мужественность» и «женственность» в испанском языке. An anthropic-oriented approach to linguistic research and communication is closely connected with the cognitive scientific paradigm and allows to give a status of concepts to masculinity and femininity [Vitlitskaya, 2005], therefore the investigation of these concepts can be transferred into the sphere of cognitive linguistics. This article is dedicated to the complex analysis of lexical means with the help of which the researched concepts are represented in Spanish language space. Nowadays researcher-linguists often apply a conceptual analysis that testifies about the “expansion of researching paradigm of language as well as the interdisciplinary character of modern linguistic researches” [Jusupov 2004:12]. The conceptual analysis of language units assumes the study of reality as the interconnection of language with the intellectual activity forming a consciousness [Safarov 2009:9]. So, we can affirm that the ideas about femininity and masculinity are not only reflected in language, but also constructed within it. The concepts have a certain structure of associations, complementary signs, special collective, and individual knowledge and their interrelations [Kartushina 2003:15], therefore its description includes the research of lexical means in some aspects. The etymological analysis The review of the etymology of the concept’s lexeme shall be completed definitely by its study. The etymology reveals many associative connections consolidated in the human consciousness. It is connected with mythology because it reflects human ideas, manners, customs, and beliefs [Rusakova 2007: 74]. The concept “masculinity” in Spanish can be described through lexemes “masculinidad”, “virilidad”, “hombría”. The concept “femininity” is represented with lexemes “feminidad”, “femineidad”. In according to the dates of Spanish etymologic electronic dictionaries [Diccionario etimológico de español. http://www.etimologias.dechile.net, Diccionario etimológico de la lengua española. http://elcastellano.org], the lexeme “masculinidad” proceeds from the Latin word mas – “masculine”. It is interesting that the Latin word “mas” is correlated with a word from the language of Avesta – “mah” – moon (symbol of death) [Makovsky 1996: 386]. 12 Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika – Зарубежная лингвистика и лингводидактика – Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics Issue – 1 № 1 (2023) / ISSN 2181-3701 The etymology of the word “hombría” dates back to the word “hombre” which originates from the Latin word “homo, hominis” – “man”. It is possible that this word proceeds from Latin “humus” – “land, ground” [Diccionario etimológico de español. http://www.etimologias.dechile.net]. This fact reminds us of the binary dichotomy of ancient mythology where masculinity was associated with land and ground. Moreover, the meaning of the word “hombre” can be correlated with the significance of “wet”, “spewing sperm”: Latin homo – man, but Latin umeo – be wet [Makovsky 1996: 386]. In other words, the physiological peculiarities of man’s organism are verbalized. Some researchers consider that the semantic of the word “hombre” overlaps with the cognate word “homenaje” – “oath of loyalty, honoring, homage” [Zykova 2009]. The etymological origin of the word “virilidad” starts from the Latin word “vir” – “man”. This lexeme correlates with the concept of primary elements of Universe (fire and water): Latin “vir” – “man”, but Indo-European “uer” – “fire”, and Tocharian “a war” – “water” or Tocharian “a wir” – “new, young”. These words testify about regular cosmogonic transformations [Makovsky 1996:386]. In our opinion, the correlation of masculinity with elements emphasizes the physical strength of men’s organism, as well as the fact that a man, like destructive elements, can dominate not only in everyday life but also in nature. The etymology of lexeme “feminidad” traces back to the Latin word “femina” with the Indo-European root “dhe” – “to breastfeed”. Thus, the word “femina” etymologically means “the breastfeeding creature” [Diccionario etimológico de español. http://www.etimologias.dechile.net]. In other words, the biological nature of woman is emphasized. In according to the dictionary of M.Moliner [Moliner 1994:1292], the word “femina” is correlated with Spanish words “fecundo” – “fertile”, “feto” – “embryo”. Therefore, the etymology of lexemes “feminidad”, “hombría”, “masculinidad”, “virilidad” emphasizes the biologic, physiologic as well as inte