Архивные источники по истории орошения новых земель Центральной Ферганы (1950-1990 гг.)

Аннотация

Ключевые слова: В статье подробно анализируются архивные источники Центральная Фергана, по истории освоения и орошения новых земель ирригация, Центральной Ферганы, с помощью первоисточников архивные источники, раскрываются ирригационные работы, проводившиеся в Национальный архив Узбекистана, пустынных районах в 1950–1990 годы. Государственный архив Андижанской области, Государственный архив Наманганской области, Государственный архив Ферганской области. An objective disclosure of the history of irrigation of Central Ferghana requires a detailed analysis of the source bases of the topic. It is this source analysis that will help to truthfully reveal many aspects of this extremely complex and controversial topic. The sources on the history of irrigation reclamation and mechanization of the Fergana Valley are mainly archival documents and materials. In covering the topic of the study, sources stored in the archives of the Republic of Uzbekistan and its constituent regions of the Ferghana Valley, which have not been introduced into scientific circulation to date or have remained completely out of the reach of researchers, were widely used. It is appropriate to conditionally divide the source bases of the work into three groups. The first group includes sources from the National Archive of Uzbekistan (NA Uz). Documents from the 90, 837, 2138, 2182, 2483, 2597, 2676, and 2700 funds (8 funds) of the National Archive of Uzbekistan (NA Uz) are an important source for objectively studying the essence of the colonial policy implemented by the Soviet authorities in the irrigation system of Central Ferghana, which was built based on colonialism, and the fact that this practice was aimed specifically at the development of cotton cultivation. In particular, in the Ferghana Valley, to further increase productivity, the extensive development of irrigation and its complete subordination to the center's cotton monopoly, the expansion of cotton-sown areas beyond the norm to regularly supply the Union threshing floor with raw materials, and the construction and improvement of water structures for the implementation of these measures, the documents stored in Fund 90 of the National Archive of Uzbekistan [1] stand out for their richness in material in fully covering this topic. For the first time, extracts from most of the documents related to this fund were taken and included in the scope of scientific analysis. At the same time, archival documents in Funds 837 and 2483 directly helped in a comprehensive and objective analysis of the activities carried out by the autocratic Soviet government in the republican, and in particular, in the Central Ferghana water management sector, as well as the problems raised on the topic. These were timely announced resolutions and decrees, for example, the resolution of the CPSU Central Committee and the Council of Ministers of the Uzbek SSR “On the Construction of the Central Ferghana Canal” [2], which aimed to quickly construct and commission this canal, sustainably provide the central part of the valley with water sources, and paid special attention to expanding 28 Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations Issue – 6 № 1 (2025) / ISSN 2181-1415 irrigated areas to develop cotton growing. In turn, in accordance with the resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Uzbekistan and the Council of Ministers of the Uzbek SSR “On approval of the program of construction work on the irrigation and development of the lands of Central Ferghana in 1959” [3], more than 36 thousand hectares of waste and neglected abandoned lands were brought into agricultural use here, a number of creative works were carried out, including the construction of more than 250 km of highways, the establishment of 22 collective farm settlements, and on the basis of this resolution, a program of construction work on the irrigation and development of the lands of Central Ferghana in the amount of 18,685 thousand rubles was approved in the same year, in particular, 10,575 thousand rubles were allocated from the indivisible fund of collective farms in Andizhan, Namangan and Ferghana regions, 55,385 thousand rubles from the state budget, and 23,400 from the “Selkhozkredit” thousand rubles, and 2,150 thousand rubles were allocated and spent from the "Uzbekbirshavu" [4]. It can be said that all these measures were carried out based on the policy of complete cotton monopoly in the Ferghana Valley, large cotton fields were established in the newly developed areas, and 90 percent of the cotton produced as a result of the hard work of Uzbek farmers was transported to the center. It is worth recognizing that practical measures and all efforts to develop the irrigation sector in Central Ferghana were completely subordinated to the center's colonial policy in the agricultural sector and were carried out directly under its rule and control. In analyzing the historical processes and events related t