Понимание воздействия изменения климата на доступность водных ресурсов в Центральной Азии

Аннотация

Ключевые слова: Водный кризис является серьёзной проблемой в трансграничное Центральной Азии, которая состоит из пяти стран – сотрудничество, Казахстана, Кыргызстана, Таджикистана, Туркменистана и устойчивое развитие, Узбекистана. В регионе Центральной Азии имеются всего водный кризис, глобальное потепление, две крупные реки, которые обеспечивают водными испарение и выпадение ресурсами население, и между странами возникают споры осадков. по поводу справедливого распределения воды для различных нужд. Этих двух рек недостаточно для удовлетворения потребностей людей, поскольку страны, расположенные в верховьях, построили плотины для выработки электроэнергии, что ограничивает поступление воды в страны, расположенные ниже по течению. Дополнительным усугубляющим фактором является глобальное потепление, которое снижает доступность водных ресурсов в регионе. За последние три-четыре десятилетия средняя температура в регионе значительно повысилась, что привело к увеличению потерь общего объёма воды из-за усиленного испарения и уменьшения количества осадков. В результате политическая обстановка 350 Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations Special Issue – 12 (2024) / ISSN 2181-1415 между странами обострилась, поскольку население не может получить необходимую для выживания воду. Политические конфликты по вопросам водных ресурсов необходимо решить для обеспечения достаточного водоснабжения. OVERVIEW OF THE TOPIC Climate change is a major concern that the world faces as a whole (United Nations, 2022). There has been a significant rise in the global temperature in the recent past due to various reasons, and the causes and effects are very dynamic and connected in many ways. Numerous causes for climate change have been identified across the world, along with associated consequences. Generally, studies consider the effects of climate change in important areas like the Americas, Europe, and so on, but very little research focuses on the effects of climate change that are observed in areas like central Asia. With the lack of sufficient research in the area comes the necessity of carrying out an adequate amount of research into the conditions of the environment in these areas with regard to various elements and understanding how climate change has affected the region. This report aims to understand how the region of central Asia is experiencing issues related to water due to climate change, as well as the water politics that exists in the region between various agencies (Britannica, 2006). The risks associated with the water-related issues are also examined to understand if there are potential solutions to the problems so that the people can have better access to water which is an essential resource. Considering the fact that the states were once a part of the USSR and there were no issues between them during that time with regard to power generation or water supply for irrigation, and the government distributed the resources adequately, it stands to argue that the political dissonance that exists currently is a major contributing factor to the water crisis that exists in the states. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES It is necessary to understand the fact that the research being conducted is secondary research which accumulates and analyses the information from previous research. It forms an essential part of the research process. The main objectives of the process are as follows: ▪ to analyse the possible consequences of climate change on the region of Central Asia with regard to water resources ▪ to understand the impact that the region has on the contributing factors to climate change ▪ to understand the contribution of water politics in escalating the negative aspects of the scenario ▪ analyse the risks that are associated with the region’s water resources and identify potential solutions The research goals need to be satisfied in order to establish what factors have been identified as potential risks in the area. A brief review of literature is conducted to understand the geographical conditions that exist in Central Asia and how the climatic conditions affect the availability of water resources in the area. Further, the key themes of water shortage and the underlying causes and their effects are analysed to have a better idea of the overall condition of water politics in the region (Zakhirova, 2013). The research hopes to fulfil a gap that connects both environmental and anthropogenic causes that have caused the people in these countries to experience a severe shortage in water resources for their use. 351 Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations Special Issue – 12 (2024) / ISSN 2181-1415 LITERATURE REVIEW The central region of Asia extends from the Caspian Sea to the Chinese border laterally and longitudinally by Russia in the north, and the countries of Iran, Afghanistan, and China cover the region in the south. So, essentially, the place is mostly landlocked on three side