Фермерское хозяйство в Республике Узбекистан в годы независимости

Аннотация

Ключевые слова: В статье на основе литературных и архивных колхоз, источников дается научный анализ становления совхоз, фермерского хозяйства в Республике Узбекистан в годы ферма, независимости, реформ, проводимых государством на аренда, земля, первом и втором этапах его развития, и их результатов. бюджет, гектар, предпринимательство, народное хозяйство, профессиональный колледж. Today, our people have come to understand that improving our lives, raising the standard of living of the population, the efficiency of our economy, feeding our people, and planning our future – in short, no matter what problem or issue we face, most of them will, first of all, go to agriculture. To do this, first of all, provide employment for the rural population, attract the unemployed to other areas of production, and protect them socially. Therefore, the development of rural small and medium-sized businesses, education, healthcare, banking, credit, water, gas, and electricity, and ensuring a decent lifestyle for the people are among today's urgent tasks. During independent years in the Republic of Uzbekistan established farms. The Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Uzbekistan and its local bodies have done some work in the field of execution. At the beginning of 1994, there were 14,825 dehkan (farmer) farms in the agricultural system. There were two types of farms. The first is that 7,538 are independent farms that have opened accounts in the local branches of Tadbirkor Bank. They took out a soft loan from a bank, added their own savings, and bought goods from the market. Second, 7,287 farms were dehkan (farmer) farms within kolkhozes and sovkhozes, which operated on a contract basis. These farms borrowed from the kolkhoz and the sovkhoz and bought cattle. He handed over the products to him at the expense of fulfilling the economic plan at the state price of meat and milk. For the product, the farm provided the farmer with mixed fodder, construction, and other materials. Farms provided farmers with transportation, veterinary services, and seeds. It should be noted that during these years the number of farms has increased from year to year. In 1993, the number of such farms in Andijan region reached 1,060, which is 396 more than in 1992. The land area attached to these farms was 7,050 hectares. Farmers’ land in 1993 increased by 5,512 hectares compared to 1992. During this period, the area under wheat increased by 313 hectares, and the gross yield increased by 2288 tons. In 1993, farmers of the region sold 947.4 tons of meat, 5335.7 tons of milk, and 73.1 thousand eggs to the state. The average milk yield per cow was 1152 kg. The material and technical base of farms has also been strengthened. In 1993, 307 tractors, 6 combines, 40 cars and 194 trailers were attached to the farms of the region. In pursuance of the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated November 29, 1991 “On further development and strengthening of dehkan (farm) farms, state support of entrepreneurship” and the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of December 30, 1991, organizations have intensified their work. 260 Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations Issue – 5 № 6 (2024) / ISSN 2181-1415 According to the order of the regional executive committee of January 10, 1992, the Regional Land Commission was formed from 20 officials. According to the decree, land commissions were formed in village councils, state, collective farms, and district executive committees. To establish a land fund with the participation of commissions, the issue of land use in all farms was considered, and a land fund was established to provide land to dehkan (farmers) farms. As of January 1, 1993, 13,985 hectares of land had been established in all districts of the region by commissions set up to implement the above decision, instead of 14,000 hectares. These lands were reduced by 2.1 thousand hectares in 1992 compared to 1991 due to the reduction of cotton area; 2.9 thousand hectares at the expense of hemp and other lands. In particular, 5964 hectares of land were allocated to the district farms of the regional agro-industrial association, including 5121 hectares of irrigated land, 119 hectares of arable land, 616 hectares of pastures, 164 hectares of non-agricultural land and 79 hectares of orchards and vineyards. During 1992, the number of applicants for the establishment of dehkan (farmer) farms was 1,733, of which 981 were considered by local land commissions, 931 dehkan farms were established on a competitive basis, of which 490 in district farms of the regional agro-industrial association of which 275 were engaged in animal husbandry and 209 in agriculture and 6 in other industries. Of these farmers, 77 were self-employed and 413 were on-farm leases. Relevant laws and decisions have been adopted in the country to allocate irrigated lands to farmers, exempt them from taxes for a certain period provide them with material and