Unemployment Issue and solutions in the rural areas of the Uzbek SSR (1980-1991) (A Case Study of Khorezm Region)

Аннотация

In this article, the author examines the issues of unemployment among the population in the villages of the Uzbek SSR between 1980 and 1991, and the factors, causes, problems, and conflicts that led to this unemployment process, using the example of the Khorezm region. Also, the issues of unemployment among all segments of the population, including adults and youth, are analyzed from a historical perspective. Keywords: Uzbek SSR, Khorezm, national economy, unemployment, law, agriculture, collective farm, pensioners, problems and conflicts, complaints and applications. Compassion" [4] by A. Mannopov and S. Introduction: It is well known that the political, social, Mirzaahmedova, provide some insights into the social and economic processes and conflicts in the Soviet issues, conflicts, and unemployment faced by the rural Union during the 1980s and 1990s had a significant population of Khorezm during the 1980-1990s. impact on the life of the Uzbek SSR, including Khorezm Furthermore, the study used archival materials from region. During the 1980s, the issue of unemployment in the Khorezm Region State Archive (Fond 170 and Fond Khorezm intensified. The region experienced the 651), "Khorezm Haqiqati" newspaper, and materials dominance of cotton monoculture, stagnation in social from the journal "Uzbekistan Social Security" to explore and economic life, the impracticality of the application the issue. The research involved the use of methods of developed socialism ideas, and the ineffectiveness of such as synchronous analysis, comparative historical perestroika. These issues drained the vitality of methods, and structural analysis[5]. ordinary people. Additionally, a number of reforms aimed at increasing the availability of cheap labor Analysis and Findings. Between 1980 and 1991, the key implemented by the Union led to the problem of issue in Khorezm region was providing employment unemployment not only in the Soviet Union but also in and creating new job opportunities. During this period, the Uzbek SSR. These events affected Khorezm as well. the material and technical base of agriculture in Khorezm was weak, and job opportunities were METHODS insufficient. One of the main reasons for this, as The issue of unemployment among the rural revealed during the analysis of archival documents, was population of the Uzbek SSR during the 1980-1991 the sharp population increase, which exacerbated the period, especially in Khorezm, is a relatively under- unemployment problem among both adults and young researched topic. Soviet-era works, such as the "History people in Khorezm villages. Additionally, starting from of the Uzbek SSR" [1], post-independence research 1970, in accordance with the decision of the Soviet including M. Matniyozov’s "History of Khorezm" [2], Ministers' Council dated December 31, 1969, elderly and Q. Rajabov’s work edited by him, "The Social and people receiving pensions in Khorezm's districts and Political Activity of the Leadership of the Uzbek SSR cities were also involved in work in the national (1945-1983)" [3], along with "75 Years of Mercy and economy when necessary, and a new procedure for International Journal Of History And Political Sciences 24 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijhps International Journal Of History And Political Sciences (ISSN – 2771-2222) pension payments to working pensioners was organized the employment of the unemployed, with introduced. As a result, the number of pensioners most of them being male workers. The employment working in Khorezm increased significantly, which rate of unemployed youth in Khorezm was 4,610 as of contributed to the rise in unemployment among the December 1, 1984 [10], but by December 1, 1985, this general population[6]. number decreased to 3,515 [11]. This indicates that the regional and district labor departments were unable to Moreover, from an ideological standpoint, the number effectively resolve the unemployment issue. of unemployed was deliberately concealed to avoid Disturbingly, during this period, unemployment was damaging the Union’s international reputation. As a not limited to the youth; it also spread among adults. result, it was difficult to register the full extent of The increase in the number of unemployed nationwide unemployment. The reports from the Khorezm region further exacerbated the already difficult situation. By labor department only recorded the efforts to place the the end of the 1980s, the number of unemployed in the unemployed, but the total number of unemployed was Uzbek SSR reached one million. The worsening socio- not fully disclosed. For example, as of January 1, 1980, economic conditions and the continuous increase in 637 unemployed youth under the age of 29 in the unemployment led to rising crime, especially among region expressed a desire to work, along with 1,093 the youth [12]. The primary task of the Khorezm region unemployed people over the age of 29 [7]. By 1980, the executive committee and the labor