Prevalence of diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses in community-acquired pneumonia

Аннотация

In most cases, patients with community-acquired pneumonia have inflammatory diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses, as well as in patients who have had a history of inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract several weeks and months ago. When examining such patients with rhinosinusitis, the functions of the nose and paranasal sinuses are impaired, which in turn leads to the activation of opportunistic microflora, which increases the adhesion of pathogenic microorganisms to the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract and creates favorable conditions for microbial colonization. It is known that viruses have a bronchotropic effect, manifested by damage to the epithelium and a violation of the trophism of the bronchi due to damage to the nerve conductors. Under the influence of the general toxic effect of the virus, phagocytosis is inhibited, immunological protection is impaired, as a result, favorable conditions are created for the entry of pathogenic bacterial flora located in the upper respiratory tract into the bronchi and alveoli of the lungs, which to a large extent contributes to the development of diseases of the lower respiratory tract. Keywords: Diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses, community-acquired pneumonia, pathogenic microflora. development of a bacterial process (usually 10-12 days Introduction: From year to year, infectious diseases of after the onset of SARS) [8,9]. Under the influence of the upper respiratory tract and upper respiratory tract the virus on the ciliated epithelium of the nasal cavity occupy the 1st place in the structure of general and paranasal sinuses, epithelial cells lose cilia, the morbidity not only in our country, but also in the world epithelium becomes loose, and mucosal edema [1]. According to WHO, respiratory pathology is one of develops. As a result of these processes, as well as the the top five causes of death in the world's population active release of pro-inflammatory mediators, an [2]. The incidence of pneumonia in Europe and North inflammatory reaction develops. The consequence of America is 5–10 cases per 1,000 population. Mortality this is a violation of the aeration of the sinuses, from severe pneumonia reaches 10% and continues to inactivation of mucociliary clearance and the grow [7]. The most common complication of influenza accumulation of serous exudate in the lumen of the is pneumonia. It can develop at any period of the sinuses. A decrease in the rate of mucociliary transport disease in case of accession of the bacterial flora makes it possible to prolong the time of contact of (pneumococci, staphylococci, etc.). Most often, pathogenic bacteria with the mucous membrane and pneumonia occurs in children, in the elderly and in promotes bacterial infection [10,13,14]. Rhinosinusitis chronic diseases of the respiratory system. The second in children leads to serious complications. Sinusitis in place in frequency is occupied by lesions of the ENT children under 3 years of age in 94.7% of cases occurs organs, with the occurrence of rhinitis, pharyngitis, with complications, in almost half of cases acute laryngitis, tracheobronchitis, as well as lesions of the rhinosinusitis is accompanied by pneumonia [4]. tonsils and paranasal sinuses [3]. Usually, acute According to WHO (2019), pneumonia causes 15% of rhinosinusitis develops against the background of SARS. deaths in children under 5 years of age worldwide. It is believed that in almost any acute respiratory viral Worldwide, about 17 million people a year fall ill with infection, the paranasal sinuses are involved in the pneumonia, of which about 265,000 cases end in death process to one degree or another [11,12]. Acute [5]. The nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are a highly rhinosinusitis in 95% of cases is caused by viruses, the International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research 25 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijmscr International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research (ISSN: 2771-2265) organized structure, with a subtle and complex A total of 102 patients with community-acquired regulatory mechanism, with many specific functions. pneumonia who were hospitalized in the pulmonology Such a morphofunctional system provides the creation department of the clinic of the Tashkent Medical of the first barrier to the penetration of infection. The Academy were examined. The age of patients ranged subtle functional connection of the nasal cavity and from 18 to 60 years (average 39.1 ± 1.14 years), the paranasal sinuses with other organs and systems, mean age of men was 34.1 ± 2.7 years, women 40.1 ± primarily with the bronchopulmonary system, is 2.9 years, respectively (Table 1). obvious [6]. The close anatomical and physiological Distribution by gender: men - 41 people (40.2%), relationships of the upper and lower respiratory tract women - 61 people (59.8%), men - 41 people (40.2%). are the reason that the increase in the number of Complaints and the his