Isolation of adaptive varieties of tomato and innovative technologies for their cultivation on slightly saline soils of the Bukhara region

Аннотация

The article presents the results of assessing the collection of tomato hybrid varieties in terms of early maturity, adaptability, formation of the leaf surface, tops, root system and productivity, and as a result, high- yielding, adaptive hybrid varieties and the improvement of the elements of agricultural technology for their cultivation, such as irrigation regimes, fertilizer rates, planting patterns and standing density for slightly saline soils. It was revealed that hybrid varieties of tomato were distinguished - Seraj F1, Tomck F1, Bobcat F1, Lojain F1, which formed tall plants (51.3- 60.2 cm), root weight - 124-144 g, tops - 473-574 g, fruit yield per bush – 1525.5- 2470.5 g. These hybrid varieties provided the highest yield (67.8-109.8 t/ha). In the selected adaptive hybrid varieties, the optimal soil moisture regime was not lower than 75-85-85% of the PSMC and the application of fertilizers at the rate of 20 t/ha of manure + N200P160K100 kg/ha. At the same time, the yield of hybrid varieties (48.6-88.1 t/ha), the yield per 1 m3 of water was the highest (5.7-9.8 kg), and the water consumption per 1 centner of the crop was the 2-17.5 m3) and the content of nitrates in fruits did not exceed the recommended norm (44.7- 67.8 mg/kg). The optimal planting scheme was 90x25 cm, with a density of 44.4 thousand plants per 1 ha, where it provided a high yield (25.3-90.0 tons). Keywords: Varieties of tomato, innovative technologies, Early maturity, adaptability, formation of the leaf surface, tops, root system. production, the development and widespread Introduction: The Bukhara region of Uzbekistan is introduction of the main elements of agricultural characterized by specific soil and climatic conditions, a cultivation technology, such as the timing of planting low level of provision of the population with the seedlings, planting pattern and density of standing, volume of tomato production, and the yield does not irrigation regime, fertilizer rates and others, the exceed 20-22 tons from 1 hectare. The increase in solution of which is of great scientific and practical tomato yield under these conditions largely depends importance. It is relevant that although the tomato is on the selection of highly productive, adaptive, the leading vegetable crop in the republic, the need has resistant varieties to soil salinity, diseases and pests not been satisfied to this day. The main reasons for this, and other extreme factors, the organization of taking into account each soil-climatic region, the scientifically based local primary and elite seed American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations 8 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajahi American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559) assessment of the collection of various hybrid varieties, 3-fold repetition. Accounting for irrigation water was that adaptive tomato hybrid varieties have not been carried out using the weir "Cipoletti". And the irrigation identified, the lack of high-quality varietal seeds [1-4]. rate was taken into account by the moisture deficit in the soil layer (0-50, 0-70 and 0-100 cm). The purpose of the study is to study the collection of early, mid-early and mid-ripening tomato hybrid Experience-3. To determine the influence of the varieties under the conditions of slightly saline soils of planting pattern and standing density on the growth, the Bukhara region, to identify promising adaptive productivity, total and marketable yield of the selected hybrid varieties on their basis and by studying irrigation tomato hybrid varieties. To do this, they were planted regimes, norms of organic and mineral fertilizers, and compared with each other according to the planting patterns and standing density, improve scheme 90x30cm (control), 90x25cm, 90x20cm with a agricultural technology cultivation of selected hybrid standing density of 36.6, 44.4 and varieties. 55.5 thousand plants per 1 ha. METHODS The plot area according to the planting scheme is 144 Field experiments were carried out in the conditions of m2, and according to hybrid varieties - 36 m2, 3-fold irrigated meadow alluvial soils of the farm “Khamroev repetition. All records, observations, calculations and Khalil Bozorovich” of the Zhandor district of the analyzes on the experimental plot were carried out Bukhara region in the following areas: according to the generally accepted methodology and agro-recommendations [5-9]. Please follow these instructions as carefully as possible so all articles within a conference have the same style All field experiments were laid in one field contour, the to the title page. This paragraph follows a section title soils of the experimental plot are characterized by a so it should not be indented. humus content of 0.97-1.12%, gross nitrogen - 0.102- 0.115%, phosphorus - 0.171-0.188%, and potassium - Experience-1. Comprehensive assessment of the 1.96-2.03 %, reaction in aqueous extract pH=7.2-7.3, collection of tomato hybrid