The influence of zero tillage and the effectiveness of various grain cropping rotation schemes in the flocked grain rainfed of Uzbekistan

Аннотация

The use of an optimal system of main and pre-sowing tillage is the most important and decisive agrotechnical measure for obtaining stable and high yields of grain and other products in rainfed farming conditions. The use of minimal and resource-saving soil cultivation technology improves its properties, rainfed areas are used especially effectively, and the yield and quality of grain increases. In this regard, through the effective use of soil moisture, maintaining soil fertility and increasing the yield of grain crops. Keywords: Rainfed farming, soil, crop rotation, resource-saving technology, tillage, zero tillage, flat cutter, soil density, clean fallow, precipitation, productive stems, number of weeds, amount of grain, yield, economic efficiency. Introduction: The use of an optimal system of main and The average annual precipitation in the lower part of pre-sowing tillage is the most important and decisive the rainfed region varies between 250-400 mm (plain agrotechnical measure for obtaining stable and high and plain-hilly zones) and in the upper zone from 400 yields of grain and other products in rainfed farming to 600 mm or more (foothill and mountain zones). conditions. Through many years of research carried out in the 60- Currently, the area of rainfed arable land in Uzbekistan 70s at the former Uzbekistan Research Institute of is more than 750 thousand hectares and the main crops Rainfed Agriculture, a system for cultivating rainfed of grains, legumes and other crops are located on gray soils was developed (G.A. Lavronov, V.I. Korobov, 1969, soils, occupying the territory between altitudes from 1979, etc.). This tillage system primarily involves annual 200 to 1500-1800 m above sea level. In all vertical moldboard plowing of the soil at a depth of 20-22 cm. zones, specific features of climatic conditions are However, in their opinion, in some conditions, clearly manifested: periodic precipitation and the especially with the introduction of scientifically based presence of two hydrothermal phases - a wet, warm schemes of grain-fallow crop rotation, minimal spring and a dry, hot summer. As the area rises above moldboard-free cultivation with flat-cutting and disk sea level, the air temperature improves, the biomass of implements is not inferior in efficiency to moldboard plants increases and the intensity of microbiological plowing by 20-22 cm and can reduce production costs processes noticeably decreases. by almost 1.5-2 times. American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations 13 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajahi American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559) Currently, research on the development and predecessor for wheat, providing an average increase improvement of soil protection systems for the in grain yield of 0.33 t/ha. treatment of rain-fed gray soils has been carried out Direct sowing of wheat seeds, “Zero technology” (no extremely poorly. till) without main treatment with direct sowing of In this regard, we studied the effectiveness of multi- winter and spring wheat seeds in the soil with a Turkish depth tillage systems using minimal and “Zero “AGROLEAD” seeder provided an increase in grain yield technology” (no till) without main tillage with direct of 0.8 c/ha or 111% compared to the control option. sowing of winter and spring wheat seeds into the soil Based on three years of research, the following with a Turkish seeder “AGROLEAD” and their effect on conclusions can be drawn: the yield of winter wheat in the links of grain-fallow