Main results of safflower breeding in rainfed conditions

Аннотация

This article presents the results of safflower selection in rainfed conditions. During the study of the collection and breeding nursery, new lines of safflower were selected for economically valuable properties. Keywords: Variety, rainfed, culture, safflower, seed production, progeny, line, standard, yield, oil content. seeds, for sowing in rainfed conditions. Introduction: In recent years, in order to meet the needs of the population of the republic with local food METHODS products, the area for cotton and grains has been The study was carried out on rainfed conditions at the reduced, and on the liberated lands, areas have been Research Institute of Rainfed Agriculture, all analyzes allocated for planting fruits, vegetables, fodder and and calculations were carried out on the basis of oilseeds. An important direction today is to conduct introduced methods. scientific research on the creation of new breeding The study of world collections and breeding materials varieties of oilseeds, the creation of highly productive was carried out according to the methodology of VIR varieties that have large amounts of oil in the seeds, (1976) Moscow. Phenological observations, high quality products, are resistant to various abiotic assessments and analyzes for various indicators in field and biotic factors, adapted to various soil and climatic and laboratory conditions were carried out on the basis conditions of our republic [1]. of methodological recommendations of the State Yu.A. Aripov (1967) noted that one of the main Commission for Varietal Testing of Oilseeds. Issue three directions is the selection of initial sources and the use (1983). Statistical analysis of the digital results obtained of breeding processes in the creation of high-yielding in the experiments was performed according to the varieties of oilseeds that are resistant to abiotic and method of B.A. Dospehova (1985) [4]. biotic factors in rainfed conditions. Safflower is one of RESULTS AND DISCUSSION the ancient types of oilseeds, capable of growing even in harsh conditions, differing from other oilseeds in its Sowing experiments were carried out in the first and resistance to cold and drought [2]. second half of March (March 16-21) at optimal times. During the period from germination to full ripening, In studies conducted by Sh.H. Aripov (2017), attention branching, budding, flowering, resistance to rust and to the amount of oil obtained from them when creating pests and the timing of full ripening, new varieties of safflower determines the direction of safloraphenological observations were carried out their industrial use and increases their value, and also according to the methods. ensures the genetic homogeneity of the varieties [3]. Sowing of variety samples in collection and selection Purpose of the study: The purpose of the study is to nurseries was carried out on an area of 1 m2 according create new varieties of safflower that are resistant to to the number of seeds, by hand planting from 1 row to diseases and pests, and have a high oil content in the 2 meters in length, a standard variety was sown after American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations 15 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajahi American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559) 10 rows. mm) than the annual norm (21.6 mm), less than the average air temperature, low temperatures were In the year under study, weather conditions in March noted. During the growing season, the total amount of were somewhat unfavorable compared to previous annual precipitation was 322.1 mm, and it was years (-39.9 mm of precipitation during the growing observed that the precipitation varied according to the season), while the amount of precipitation in this development of crop elements (the number of month (87.2 mm) compared to the long-term average branches, the number of baskets, the number of seeds (65.0 mm), +22.2 mm more, but in April more (53.6 in the basket). Table 1. Economically valuable characteristics of safflower in the collection nursery (Gallaaral , 2024y) In one plant ,n 0 o m y 0 № Sample number, origin s a e s g n i w o G r y a d c , t h g i e h t n a t h g i e H n i a m ,s e h c n a r b m c f o r e b m u N .s c p ,s t e k s a b t e k d s a e S b e s c p t i v i t c u d o r P a h / c 0 1 f o t h g i e W ,s n i a r g g l P 1 Jizzak-1 st. 118 85,2 21,4 9 17 7,1 32,4 2 Nc76744 (Aljir) 114 70,9 27,0 12 21 7,9 32,8 3 Nc76749 (Avstraliya) 118 80,5 25,8 10 26 8,9 33,6 4 Nc76751 (Kazakistan) 114 75,1 31,0 14 32 8,2 31,8 5 K-76749 (Avstriya) 112 78,4 29,3 12 28 7,9 32,3 6 K-76754 (Polsha)) 114 70,5 23,0 15 34 8,5 35,1 7 K-76750 (Marokko) 116 75,5 21,4 12 28 6,7 33,2 8 K-30811 (Azerbayjan) 112 72,4 23,5 11 31 6,8 32,5 9 K-78485 (Fransiya) 107 69,1 27,6 15 36 8,7 34,8 10 K-33057 (Portugaliya) 110 71,2 26,5 13 38 7,8 33,5 11 Jizzak-1 st. 116 78,6 21,3 10 25 6,9 32,8 12 K-30723 (Uzbekiston) 108 78,8 29,4 12 34 7,3 31,5 13 K-30757 Meksika 106 71,8 23,9 10