Literature and Buddhism in the Kamakura period

Аннотация

The Kamakura period (1185–1333) was a period of great change in the political, cultural, and social life of Japan, beginning with the establishment of the Kamakura shogunate by Minamoto no Yoritomo. During this period, the samurai rose to the top of political power, and with the development of the feudal system, literature is also visible.Instead of the aristocratic and elegant literature of the Heian period, the Kamakura market was dominated by military tales, historical chronicles, and Buddhist philosophical works. In general, all events and feelings in human life are the main topic of literature.In 1192, the great leader of the "eastern" (Kanto) samurai detachments - Minamoto Yoritomo, after a long struggle, declares himself sei-taishogun, that is, the "supreme military leader" of Japan, thus the true and hereditary becomes a ruler. becomes the true and hereditary ruler of the whole country. Nevertheless, the Heian kings retain their supreme authority, but in fact begin to play almost exclusively the role of the "high priests" of their people - the supreme ministers of Shintoism. The Heian monarchy was replaced by a "shogunate" - a military system of government.The new management system also had an impact on literature. Now new genres have started to appear in it. First, the circle of readers has completely changed. Literature based on a new life, new state forms and a new culture, literary works characteristic of samurai culture began to be created. The student began to belong to a different social environment with a unique worldview. The boundaries of this circle have also expanded significantly.They began to attract an unprecedented number of readers in Japan. Literature began to be read not only by new people, but also lost its previous, essentially more exotic character and acquired a "wide" readership. A new author, a new reader, a new environment revived the new literature. And the main reason for this was the day. Keywords: Amida,Soto-shu, Pure Land, Zen, and Nichiren,hiragana, katakana, vabun, kangobun, tanka, buddhism Gunki monogatari, Kamakura period, Samurai, Shogunate, "Hogen-monogatari," Heiji-monogatari, "Genpei- Seisuki" and "Heike-monogatari",Tsurezuregusa,Gunki, kataribe, biwahoshi, emakimono, bushido codex, historical works. monogatari of the Heian period. A simple plot Introduction: Through literary works, it is possible to described in a simple and understandable language is get vivid information about the domestic cultural life of explained not by describing the essence of character the relevant period. Through the genre of Gunki, which and psychological analysis, but by dialogue and action, we will study below, we can get valuable information tendency to mystical and dramatic events is a unique about the social life of the historical period of aspect of the gunky genre. Kamakura, the beliefs and worldviews of the people of that time. The works of this genre cover a variety of RESULTS topics: one after another, funny or terrible events, "Gunki" - literally "military descriptions" - is the main family traditions, ancient legends and transcriptions of narrative and descriptive genre of the Kamakura Buddhist sutras, as well as stories depicting the heroism period, replacing the former monogatari, and it must and nobility of samurai.Although the official accounts be said that it is partly genetically related to them. of what constitutes gunki as a genre are confusing, Gunki, at least in part, forms its name according to the works in this genre are generally distinct from the same type as the Heian period story: It falls into American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research 45 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajsshr American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research (ISSN: 2771-2141) monogatari. For example: "The Tale of the Hogen ideology.Almost all temples in this direction were part Years" - "HogenMonogatari", "The Tale of the Heiji of the Gozan hierarchical system, which was directly Years" - "HeijiMonogatari", "The Tale of the Taira under the control of the government. Gozan House" - "Heike-monogatari" and monasteries became major cultural centers, and the others.Gunkimonogatari (Japanese: jūnjìwùyǔ) is a monks who lived in them became not only the keepers literary genre, the main military narrative genre of the of knowledge, but also the creators of literature in the Kamakura period (XII-XIV centuries). The plot of Gunki Chinese language called gozanbungaku ("literature of is based on national historical events, first of all, the five monasteries"). topic of mutual civil wars of 1156-1568. Fairy tales are The founder of another Zen school, Soto-shu, was distinguished by many features typical of epics. Dogen (1200-1253). He prefers to stay away from Kamakura literature was formed during Japan's power, so Soto's ideas spread mainly in the provinces, Kamakura period (1185-1335) and is associated with where they were strengthened by the support of local the rise of